Ch. 43 - The Immune System

Question 1

What are the two major categories of defenses of the immune system?

Answer 1

innate and acquired immunity

Question 3

These white blood cells play key parts in acquired immunity, recognizing specific agents.

Answer 3

lymphocytes

Question 4

These are proteins, derived from B cells, that bind to microbes and mark them for elimination.

Answer 4

antibodies or immunoglobulins

Question 5

What are the 3 external defenses of innate immunity?

Answer 5

• Skin
• Mucous membranes
• Secretions

Question 6

This is an antimicrobial protein that digests the cell walls of many bacteria. It is present in saliva, tears, and mucous secretions.

Answer 6

lysozyme

Question 7

What are the four types of phagocytic white blood cells?

Answer 7

Neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and dendritic cells.

Question 7

What are the 4 internal defenses of innate immunity?

Answer 7

• Phagocytic cells
• Antimicrobial proteins
• Inflammatory response
• Natural killer cells

Question 8

These cells patrol the body and recognize general features of virus-infected and cancer cells. They then proceed to release chemicals triggering apoptosis in the infected cells.

Answer 8

natural killer (NK) cells

Question 9

These phagocytic cells make up 60-70% of all leukocytes. They are attracted to infected tissues and engulf the microbes found there. However, they have a short life span of a few days.

Answer 9

neutrophils

Question 10

These develop from monocytes, which make up about 5% of circulating leukocytes, when the monocytes encounter infected tissue. They are long-lived and effective at defending against infectious agents.

Answer 10

macrophages

Question 11

These leukocytes are critical in defending against multicellular parasites. They function by positioning themselves next the parasite and secreting destructive enzymes.

Answer 11

eosinophils

Question 12

These phagocytic white blood cells function primarily as antigen presenters.

Answer 12

dendritic cells

Question 13

A group of about 30 proteins that function in various mechanisms of innate immunity. It is activated in a cascade triggered by substances on the surface of many microbes.

Answer 13

complement system

Question 14

Antimicrobial protein which is secreted by virus-infected cells, inducing nearby healthy cells to produce other substances to hamper viral reproduction.

Answer 14

interferon