^Ch. 43 principles of antimicrobial therapy

Question 1

Antimicrobial therapy

Answer 1

is the use of meds to treat infection caused by bacteria, virus, fungi. Antimicrobial use selective toxicity to KILL or control microbes w/o destroying host cells

Question 2

Conjugation

Answer 2

changes in the DNA, which produce resistance to multiple existing meds

Question 3

Methods of antimicrobial action

Answer 3

• destroys cell walls where bacteria is present
• prevent the conversion of an enzyme unique for a particular bacterium’s survival
• impairing protein synthesis
• disrupting bacterial syntheses or function of DNA RNA
• preventing viral replication

Question 4

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics

Answer 4

only a few types of bacteria are sensitive

Question 5

Broad-spectrum-antibiotics

Answer 5

wide variety of bacteria are sensitive

Question 6

Bactericidal medication

Answer 6

directly lethal to the micro organism

Question 7

bacteriostatic medication

Answer 7

slow the growth of micro-organism but the immune system still response of phagocytic cells

Question 8

three factors to consider when choosing antibiotic

Answer 8

ID causative agent
sensitivity of the infecting organism
other factors (location of infection age)

Question 9

Sites of infection difficult for antimicrobials to reach

Answer 9

• Infection in the cerebrospinal fluid (meningitis)
• bacterial infiltration within the heart (endocarditis)
• purulent abscesses anywhere within the body due to poor blood supply)
• phagocytes that attack foreign objects (pacemaker, joint prosthesis, vascular grafts, heart valve) become less able to destroy micro organisms that colonize around foreign object

Question 10

Combination therapy

Answer 10

combining more than one antimicrobial can cause additive, organ agonist effect