CH 43 Endocrine Disorders (Assessment and Management)

Question 1

Acromegaly

Answer 1

excessive secretion of somatotropin causing progressive enlargement of peripheral body parts

Question 2

Addisonian Crisis

Answer 2

acute adrenocortical insufficiency;
characterized by hypotension, cyanosis, fever, nausea/vomiting, and classic signs of shock
–> precipitated by stress or abrupt withdrawal of therapeutic glucocorticoids.

Question 3

Addison Disease

Answer 3

chronic adrenocortical insufficiency secondary to destruction of the adrenal glands.

Question 4

Adrenalectomy

Answer 4

surgical removal or adrenal gland(s)

Question 5

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 5

hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, essential for growth and development.

Question 6

Adrenogenital syndrome

Answer 6

masculinization in women,
femininization in men, o
or premature sexual development in children;

result of abnormal secretion of adrenocortical hormones, especially androgens

Question 7

Androgens

Answer 7

hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex; stimulate activity of accessory male sex organs and development of male sex characteristics

Question 8

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 8

chemical reactions occurring when the body is at rest

Question 9

Calcitonin

Answer 9

hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland; participates in calcium regulation

Question 10

Chvostek Sign

Answer 10

spasm of the facial muscles produced by sharply tapping over the facial nerve in front of the parotid gland and anterior to the ear; suggestive of latent tetany in patients with hypocalcemia

Question 11

Corticosteroids

Answer 11

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex or their synthetic equivalents;
also referred to as adrenal-cortical hormone and adrenocorticosteroid;
consist of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens

Question 12

Cretinism

Answer 12

stunted body growth and mental development appearing during the first year of life as a result of congenital hypothyroidism

Question 13

Cushing Syndrome

Answer 13

group of symptoms produced by an excess of free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex; characterized by truncal obesity, “moon face”, acne, abdominal striae, and hypertension

Question 14

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 14

condition in which abnormally large volumes of dilute urine are excreted as a result of deficient production of vasopressin

Question 15

Dwarfism

Answer 15

generalized limited growth resulting from insufficient secretion of growth hormone during childhood

Question 16

Endocrine

Answer 16

secreting internally; hormonal secretion of a ductless gland

Question 17

Euthyroid

Answer 17

state of normal thyroid hormone production

Question 18

Exocrine

Answer 18

secreting externally; hormonal secretion from excretory ducts

Question 19

Exophthalmos

Answer 19

abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

Question 20

Glucocorticoids

Answer 20

steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH; produce a rise of liver glycogen and blood glucose

Question 21

Goiter

Answer 21

enlargement of the thyroid gland; usually caused by iodine-deficient diet

Question 22

Graves’ Disease

Answer 22

a form of hyperthyroidism; characterized by a diffuse goiter and exophthalmos

Question 23

Hormones

Answer 23

chemical transmitter substances produced in one organ or part of the body and carried buy the bloodstream to other cells or organs on which they have a specific regulatory effect; produced mainly buy endocrine glands.

Question 24

Hypophysectomy

Answer 24

removal or destruction of all or part of the pituitary gland

Question 25

Mineralocorticoid

Answer 25

steroid of the adrenal cortex

Question 26

Myxedema

Answer 26

severe hypothyroidism; can be with or without coma

Question 27

Negative feedback

Answer 27

regulating mechanism in which an increase or decrease in the level of a substance decreases or increase the function of the organ producing the substance

Question 28

Oxytocin

Answer 28

hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary; causes myometrial contraction at term and ilk release during lactation

Question 29

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 29

chromaffin cell tumor, usually benign, located in the adrenal medulla; characterized by secretion of catecholamines resulting in HTN, severe headache, profuse sweating, visual blurring, anxiety, and nausea.

Question 30

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) secretion

Answer 30

excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland despite low serum osmolality level

Question 31

Thyroidectomy

Answer 31

surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland

Question 32

Thyroiditis

Answer 32

inflammation of the thyroid gland; may lead to chronic hypothyroidism or may resolve spontaneously

Question 33

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer 33

released from the pituitary gland; causes stimulation of the thyroid, resulting in release of T3 and T4

Question 34

Thyroid Storm

Answer 34

severe life-threatening hyperthyroidism precipitated by stress; characterized by high fever, extreme tachycardia and altered mental state

Question 35

Thyrotoxicosis

Answer 35

condition produced by excessive endogenous or exogenous thyroid hormone

Question 36

Thyroxine (T4)

Answer 36

thyroid hormone; active iodine compound formed and stored in the thyroid; deiodinated in peripheral tissues to for triiodothyronine; maintains body metabolism in a steady state

Question 37

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer 37

thyroid hormone; formed and stored in the thyroid; released in smaller quantities, biologically more active and w/ faster onset of action than T4; widespread effect on cellular metabolism

Question 38

Trousseau's Sign

Answer 38

carpopedal spasm induced when blood flow to the arm is occluded using a blood pressure cuff or tourniquet, causing ischemia to the distal nerves; suggestive sign for latent tetany in hypocalcemia.

Question 39

Vasopressin

Answer 39

ADH secreted by the posterior pituitary; causes contraction of smooth muscle, particularly blood vessels.