CH 43 Endocrine Disorders (Assessment and Management) Flashcards

1
Q

Acromegaly

A

excessive secretion of somatotropin causing progressive enlargement of peripheral body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Addisonian Crisis

A

acute adrenocortical insufficiency;
characterized by hypotension, cyanosis, fever, nausea/vomiting, and classic signs of shock
–> precipitated by stress or abrupt withdrawal of therapeutic glucocorticoids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Addison Disease

A

chronic adrenocortical insufficiency secondary to destruction of the adrenal glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adrenalectomy

A

surgical removal or adrenal gland(s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, essential for growth and development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adrenogenital syndrome

A

masculinization in women,
femininization in men, o
or premature sexual development in children;

result of abnormal secretion of adrenocortical hormones, especially androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Androgens

A

hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex; stimulate activity of accessory male sex organs and development of male sex characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate

A

chemical reactions occurring when the body is at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Calcitonin

A

hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland; participates in calcium regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chvostek Sign

A

spasm of the facial muscles produced by sharply tapping over the facial nerve in front of the parotid gland and anterior to the ear; suggestive of latent tetany in patients with hypocalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Corticosteroids

A

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex or their synthetic equivalents;
also referred to as adrenal-cortical hormone and adrenocorticosteroid;
consist of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cretinism

A

stunted body growth and mental development appearing during the first year of life as a result of congenital hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cushing Syndrome

A

group of symptoms produced by an excess of free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex; characterized by truncal obesity, “moon face”, acne, abdominal striae, and hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

condition in which abnormally large volumes of dilute urine are excreted as a result of deficient production of vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dwarfism

A

generalized limited growth resulting from insufficient secretion of growth hormone during childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endocrine

A

secreting internally; hormonal secretion of a ductless gland

17
Q

Euthyroid

A

state of normal thyroid hormone production

18
Q

Exocrine

A

secreting externally; hormonal secretion from excretory ducts

19
Q

Exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

20
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH; produce a rise of liver glycogen and blood glucose

21
Q

Goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland; usually caused by iodine-deficient diet

22
Q

Graves’ Disease

A

a form of hyperthyroidism; characterized by a diffuse goiter and exophthalmos

23
Q

Hormones

A

chemical transmitter substances produced in one organ or part of the body and carried buy the bloodstream to other cells or organs on which they have a specific regulatory effect; produced mainly buy endocrine glands.

24
Q

Hypophysectomy

A

removal or destruction of all or part of the pituitary gland

25
Q

Mineralocorticoid

A

steroid of the adrenal cortex

26
Q

Myxedema

A

severe hypothyroidism; can be with or without coma

27
Q

Negative feedback

A

regulating mechanism in which an increase or decrease in the level of a substance decreases or increase the function of the organ producing the substance

28
Q

Oxytocin

A

hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary; causes myometrial contraction at term and ilk release during lactation

29
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

chromaffin cell tumor, usually benign, located in the adrenal medulla; characterized by secretion of catecholamines resulting in HTN, severe headache, profuse sweating, visual blurring, anxiety, and nausea.

30
Q

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) secretion

A

excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland despite low serum osmolality level

31
Q

Thyroidectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland

32
Q

Thyroiditis

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland; may lead to chronic hypothyroidism or may resolve spontaneously

33
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

released from the pituitary gland; causes stimulation of the thyroid, resulting in release of T3 and T4

34
Q

Thyroid Storm

A

severe life-threatening hyperthyroidism precipitated by stress; characterized by high fever, extreme tachycardia and altered mental state

35
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

condition produced by excessive endogenous or exogenous thyroid hormone

36
Q

Thyroxine (T4)

A

thyroid hormone; active iodine compound formed and stored in the thyroid; deiodinated in peripheral tissues to for triiodothyronine; maintains body metabolism in a steady state

37
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3)

A

thyroid hormone; formed and stored in the thyroid; released in smaller quantities, biologically more active and w/ faster onset of action than T4; widespread effect on cellular metabolism

38
Q

Trousseau’s Sign

A

carpopedal spasm induced when blood flow to the arm is occluded using a blood pressure cuff or tourniquet, causing ischemia to the distal nerves; suggestive sign for latent tetany in hypocalcemia.

39
Q

Vasopressin

A

ADH secreted by the posterior pituitary; causes contraction of smooth muscle, particularly blood vessels.