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Dental Materials Ch. 47 > Ch 43 > Flashcards

Ch 43 Flashcards

1
Q

Restorative

A

the ability to remove decay or disease and bring proper function back to the tooth

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2
Q

Esthetic

A

the recreating the tooth or teeth with an artistically pleasing appearance

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3
Q

Criteria for a new dental material

A

It must not be poisonous or harmful to the body

It must not be harmful or irritating to the tissues of the oral cavity

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4
Q

criteria for new dental material

A

It must help protect the tooth and oral tissues of the oral cavity

It must resemble the natural dentition as closely as possible so as to be esthetically pleasing.

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5
Q

criteria for new dental material

A

It must be easily formed and placed in the mouth

It must conform to function

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6
Q

The Council on Dental Materials, Instruments and Equipment, a subcommittee of the American Dental Association,

A

works with federal agencies to ensure that strict specifications are followed by manufacturers in the development of new dental materials.

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7
Q

The following characteristics enhance the ability of dental materials to withstand the oral environment and allow for easy application….

A

Mechanical properties

Thermal changes

Electrical properties

Corrosive properties

Solubility

Application properties

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8
Q

electrical and corrosive properties are…

A

important with metallic restorations

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9
Q

thermal insulation is desirable for example…

A

under an extensive restoration and under a denture base we would like thermal transfer.

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10
Q

mechanical properties

A

Materials must be able to withstand the biting and chewing force in the posterior area of the mouth.

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11
Q

force

A

any push or pull on matter

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12
Q

stress

A

the reaction within the material that can cause distortion

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13
Q

strain

A

the change produced within the material that occurs as the result of stress

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14
Q

A restoration will eventually reach a breaking point…

A

causing permanent deformation (change) after a certain amount of both stress and strain is applied over a certain amount of time.

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15
Q

Mechanical properties of a material placed in the anterior area should also withstand various forces caused by factors,

A

including occlusion and a patient’s habits.

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16
Q

Remember that different materials have different properties

A

under different types of force

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17
Q

tensile stress

A

pull and stretches the material

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18
Q

compressive stress

A

pushes the material together

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19
Q

shear stress

A

breakdown of the material as the result of something sliding over 2 areas

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20
Q

a patient enjoys eating sticky candy

A

tensile stress

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21
Q

a patient reports clenching his teeth when he is concentrating hard at work

A

compressive stress

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22
Q

a patient has a habit of grinding her teeth at night or nocturnal bruxism

A

shear stress

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23
Q

ductility

A

the measure of the capacity of a metal to be stretched or drawn by pulling or tensile force w/o fracturing

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24
Q

malleability

A

the measure of the capacity of a metal to be extended in all directions by a compressive force, such as rolling or hammering

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25
Q

thermal changes

A

A change in temperature in the oral cavity resulting from a hot or cold product.

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26
Q

These thermal changes are of major concern because of

A

Contraction and expansion

The need to protect the pulp from thermal shock from extreme differences in temperature

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27
Q

When the restorative material and surrounding tooth structure have different rates of contraction and expansion, ______ may occur

A

microleakage

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28
Q

Space between the tooth and the restoration allows _____or_______ to enter, causing sensitivity and/or breakdown of that interface and ultimately destroying the restoration and permitting decay in the tooth.

A

saliva or bacteria

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29
Q

Space between the tooth and the restoration allows saliva or bacteria to enter, causing _________ of that interface and ultimately destroying the restoration and permitting decay in the tooth.

A

sensitivity and/or breakdown

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30
Q

Space between the tooth and the restoration allows saliva or bacteria to enter, causing sensitivity and/or breakdown of that interface and ________________

A

ultimately destroying the restoration and permitting decay in the tooth.

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31
Q

what does galvanic shock feel like ?

A

an undesirable tingling sensation

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32
Q

Conditions that allow these electrical currents include:

A

Saliva contains salt, a good conductor
Two metallic components of different composition can act as a battery
Galvanic action, or shock,

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33
Q

Galvanic action, or shock…

A

is the coming together of all these conditions

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34
Q

An electrical current, or galvanic action, in the oral cavity can take place ….

A

when there are two different or dissimilar metals present.

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35
Q

One patient who may report such a feeling is someone who has teeth on opposing arches that contact each other in function….

A

The teeth contain restorations composed of different metals (e.g., a full gold crown opposing a large amalgam).

36
Q

Corrosive properties

A

The reaction of metals that occurs within a metal when it is exposed to corrosive products such as temperature, humidity and saline

37
Q

Most corrosion involves surface discoloration and can be removed easily with the use of

A

polishing agents

38
Q

What common drinks or foods have corrosive properties?

A

Soft drinks, concentrated lemonade, and other products that create a highly acidic oral environment.)

39
Q

Plaque that remains for an extended period on the margin between an amalgam and the tooth may also produce…

A

a more acidic environment locally

40
Q

An acidic environment (lactic acid under dental plaque)

A

drastically changes the solubility of tooth structure, such as enamel.

41
Q

Because enamel is the hardest substance in the body,

A

the plaque must have been present for a considerable amount of time for a cavity to occur

42
Q

solubility

A

The degree to which a substance will dissolve in a given amount of another substance

43
Q

sand has low solubility bc..

A

it does not dissolve easily

44
Q

sugar has high solubility bc…

A

it does dissolve easily

45
Q

The mouth is exposed to many kinds of acids,

A

which can dissolve materials

46
Q

many sodas and sports drink have a very _____ pH

A

acidic

47
Q

Citric acid is added to many food to give them….

A

a tart taste

48
Q

For a dental material to have specific mechanical properties, steps must occur in the

A

application of the dental material

49
Q

What are the different properties of dental materials that may affect the application properties?

A

(Flow, adhesion which includes wetting and viscosity, retention, and curing.)

50
Q

flow

A

dental materials are designed to have a certain amount of flow for placement

51
Q

this allows the material to fill in the preparation of the tooth

A

flow

52
Q

When ______ that help prevent decay are placed on newly erupted permanent molars that are deeply fissured,

A

sealants

53
Q

the sealant material ___________ to plug up and protect areas that are not easily cleaned.

A

must flow well

54
Q

adhesion

A

the strength that causes unlike materials to adhere to each other

55
Q

without proper adhesion,

A

micro leakage can occur and restoration could come out

56
Q

Characteristics of dental materials that can affect the adhesion process are:

A

wetting, viscosity, surface characteristics, film thickness

57
Q

wetting

A

ability to flow over a surface

58
Q

viscosity

A

property of a liquid that causes it not to flow easily

59
Q

surface characteristics

A

influence the wetting ability

60
Q

film thickness

A

thinner means stronger adhesive junction

61
Q

adhesion may be thought of as placing….

A

tape on paper

62
Q

hydrophilic

A

water loving

63
Q

hydrophobic

A

water hating

64
Q

a hydrophilic surface would not wet well by a…

A

hydrophobic liquid

65
Q

A consideration in wetting is whether two materials are ……

A

hydrophilic (water loving) or hydrophobic (water hater)

66
Q

example of ideal film thickness

A

think of piecing together a broken china ornament using Krazy Glue rather than the thicker glue used in grade school craft projects.

67
Q

retention

A

The ability of holding two things firmly together when they will not adhere to each other naturally

68
Q

Even though retention holds the material in place,

A

it does not completely seal the two structures together.

69
Q

_________ can occur if an additional material such as a bonding material is not placed to create a seal.

A

microleakage

70
Q

Microleakage can occur if an additional material such as a ___________ is not placed to create a seal.

A

bonding material

71
Q

________ is very important in the preparation of teeth that are to receive amalgam fillings.

A

retention

72
Q

Retention is very important in the preparation of teeth that are to ____________________

A

receive amalgam fillings.

73
Q

One of the ways in which retention is achieved is preparing ….

A

the opposing inside walls of the tooth to slant slightly inward

74
Q

One of the ways in which retention is achieved is preparing the opposing inside walls of the tooth to slant slightly inward so

A

that when amalgam is placed and set it will not slide out.

75
Q

there are 2 types of retention….

A

mechanical and chemical

76
Q

The application of sealant is an example of …..

A

mechanical retention

77
Q

The _______ increases the surface area for retention and the sealant material flows into all the nooks and crannies on the surface of the tooth.

A

etchant

78
Q

curing

A

A setting process of a dental material that is initiated by a chemical reaction or by light in a blue wave spectrum

79
Q

auto cured

A

material hardens as a result of a chemical reaction of the materials once mixed together.

80
Q

light cured

A

material does not harden until it has been exposed to a curing light.

81
Q

dual cured

A

material, some curing takes place as the material is mixed. The final cure does not occur until the material has been exposed to a curing light.

82
Q

Bonded materials are set (hardened) by various means, including exposure to light of a particular ______. chemical reaction (auto), or a combination of the two.

A

wavelength

83
Q

Bonded materials are set (hardened) by various means, including exposure to light of a particular wavelength, _____________ , or a combination of the two.

A

chemical reaction

84
Q

Bonded materials are set (hardened) by various means, including exposure to light of a particular wavelength, chemical reaction (auto), or _______________

A

a combination of the 2

85
Q

What is an example of a dental material that has been the subject of a lot of public discussion about its safety?

A

amalgam, due to the mercury content, and other alloys

Dental Materials Ch. 47 (2 decks)

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