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Ch. 42: Pathology of Ovaries Images and Class Notes > Ch. 42: Path of Ovaries Images and Class notes > Flashcards

Ch. 42: Path of Ovaries Images and Class notes Flashcards

1
Q
A

Normal Ovary with long axis paralleling the internal iliac vessels

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2
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Echogenic foci in ovaries

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3
Q

What is being measured and what are the arrows pointing to?

A

Follicular cyst and follicles

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4
Q
A

Paraovarian Cyst

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5
Q
A

Endometrioma
–b/c it’s so homogeneous

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6
Q
A

Cystic Teratoma/Dermoid

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7
Q

What is the white thing in the center?

A

Dermoid plug

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8
Q
A

Hemorrhagic Cyst or it could also be a Cystadenoma

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9
Q
A

Follicular Cyst

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10
Q
A

Corpus Luteum Cyst

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11
Q
A

Corpus luteum cyst

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12
Q
A

Hemorrhagic Cyst

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13
Q
A

Hemorrhagic Cyst

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14
Q
A

Hemorrhagic cyst

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15
Q
A

Theca-Lutein Cyst

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16
Q
A

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome

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17
Q
A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

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18
Q
A

Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst

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19
Q
A

Endometriosis

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20
Q
A

Endometrioma

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21
Q
A

Ovarian Torsion

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22
Q
A

Ovarian Carcinoma

*papillary projections into a cystic structure

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23
Q
A

Mucinous Cystadenoma

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24
Q
A

Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma

*Large size and septations are characteristic; septal nodularity is marked.

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25
Q
A

Serous Cystadenocarcinoma

*Extensive nodularity in both images shows vascularity confirming the morphologic suspicion of a malignant mass

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26
Q
A

Dermoids

*Echogenic nodule in the image on the left

*“tip of the iceberg” sign in the image on the right

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27
Q
A

Dermoid

*Predominantly echogenic mass with a fat-fluid level

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28
Q
A

Dermoid

*Mass of varying echogenicity with hair-fluid level and highly echogenic fat-containing dermoid plug

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29
Q
A

Dermoid

*Dermoid plug and dermoid mesh

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30
Q
A

Granulosa

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31
Q
A

Fibroma

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32
Q

Functional cysts have a function. What are the 4 functional cysts?

A

Theca Lutein = high levels of hCG; gest. trophoblastic disease

Follicular Cyst = ovulation

Corpus Luteum cyst = when corpus luteum fails to involute

Hemorrhagic Cyst = could be b/c of follicular or corpus luteum rupture

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33
Q

What does PCOS look like? (typically 2 different ways)

A

“string of pearls” or can also look normal

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34
Q

What syndrome is PCOS also known as?

A

Stein-Leventhal–it is a type of PCOS

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35
Q

What are the symptoms of Stein-Leventhal?

What age group does it usually happen in?

What does it result in?

A

Symptoms: infertility, oligo, obesity, and hirsutism

Age group: late teens-early 20s

Results in: early pregnancy loss

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36
Q

Simple cysts look simple. What are the 4 cysts that can appear simple?

A

Follicular cyst

corpus luteum cyst

paraovarian cyst

cystic teratoma

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37
Q

What are the cysts that can appear complex? (6)

A

Complex cysts:

hemorrhagic

cystic teratoma

endometrioma

theca lutein

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

cystadenoma

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38
Q

What masses can appear complex? (4)

A

cystadenoma

ectopic mass

endometrioma

PID

39
Q

The more complex it looks, the more likely it could be a:

A

malignancy

40
Q

What are common solid, benign masses? (6)

A

Dermoid/cystic teratoma

fibroid

fibroma

thecoma

granulosa cell tumor

Brenner tumor

41
Q

What is the malignant form of a Dermoid/Cystic Teratoma?

What test can detect it?

A

Dysgerminoma–it’s a very rare malignant germ cell tumor

*Can be detected with a lactate dehydrogenase blood test

42
Q

What are the Epithelial Tumors? (5)

A

mucinous cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma

serous cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma

clear cell

Brenner tumor

Endometroid

43
Q

What type of material will you see in a mucinous cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma?

A

gelatin-like material

44
Q

How do serous cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma septations appear in contrast to mucinous?

A

Serous have thicker septations than mucinous

45
Q

What are the Germ Cell Tumors? (3)

A

Teratomas AKA Dermoids

Dysgerminoma

Endodermal Sinus Tumor (very rare)

46
Q

What are the 3 layers of Dermoids?

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

47
Q

Which are more likely to be malignant–mature or immature germ cell tumors?

A

Immature germ cell tumors are the malignant type. Mature are benign.

48
Q

What are the Stromal Tumors? (5)

A

Granulosa

Thecoma

Fibroma

Sertoli-Leydig, AKA androblastoma

Arrenoblastoma–masculizing

49
Q

What’s the most common benign cyst?

A

Dermoid

50
Q

This is an epithelial tumor. It is 15-30 cm, has a gelatinous substance. It is multilocular, complex, but can also appear simple. On US, the walls will look more thin. What is it?

A

Mucinous Cystadenoma

51
Q

This is also an epithelial tumor, but it’s large. It also has pseudomyxoma peritonei and complex ascites. Its walls are thick and irregular. It has septations and often papillary projections. What is it?

A

Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma

52
Q

This is an epithelial tumor. It’s the 2nd most common benign cyst. It’s usually smaller than a mucinous tumor. What is it?

A

Serous Cystadenoma

53
Q

This is an epithelial tumor. It accounts for 60-80% of all carcinomas. It’s smaller than mucinous, but still large. It has irregular borders and a loss of capsular definition. It is multilocular, contains septations, and papillary projections. What is it?

A

Serous Cystadenocarcinoma

54
Q

What is a Brenner Tumor AKA?

Is it common?

What type of tumor is it?

A

Transitional cell

It’s uncommon and mostly benign

Epithelial tumor

55
Q

Is a clear cell tumor usually benign or malignant?

What type of tumor is it?

A

Usually malignant

Epithelial tumor

56
Q

What are the stromal tumors? (5)

A

fibroma

thecoma

granulosa

Sertoli-Leydig

arrenoblastoma

57
Q

What syndrome is a fibroma associated with?

Who is it usually seen in?

Is it unilateral or bilateral?

How does it appear on US?

A

Associated with Meig’s syndrome–which is ascites and pleural effusion

Seen in postmenopausal women

Usually unilateral

Appears hypoechoic with posterior enhancement

58
Q

What are the 3 stromal tumors that are associated with estrogen productions?

A

Thecoma = benignt and unilateral, hypoechoic w/ post. enhancement.

Granulosa = most common hormone estrogenic, but it’s rarely found, less common than a thecoma, may have echogenicity similar to a fibroid.

Sertoli-Leydig = may be assoc. w/ estrogen, it’s rare, occurs in women less than 30, unilateral, virilization, and solid hypoechoic.

59
Q

Meigs syndrome is associated with what ovarian tumor?

A

Fibroma

60
Q

During a pelvic sonogram you visualize a small cyst located adjacent to the ovary. What is the most likely etiology of this cyst?

A

Paraovarian cyst

61
Q

The most common benign ovarian tumor is the:

A

cystic teratoma/dermoid

62
Q

The ovarian cyst associated with distinctly elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin is the:

A

theca lutein cyst

63
Q

The cystic mass commonly noted with a pregnancy is the:

A

corpus luteum

64
Q

The dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed:

A

graafian follicle

65
Q

After the graafian folicle ruptures, the remaining structure is termed the:

A

corpus luteum

66
Q

Normal ovarian flow is said to be:

A

High resistant during mentruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation.

67
Q

The malignant ovarian tumor with gastrointestinal origin is the:

A

Krukenberg tumor

68
Q

The malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei is the:

A

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

69
Q

All of the following adnexal masses may appear sonographically similar to a uterine leiomyoma except:

A

paraovarian cyst

70
Q

The ovarian tumor associated with an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase is the:

A

Dysgerminoma

71
Q

What is a tumor of ectopic endometrial tissue?

A

Endometrioma

72
Q

A 24 yr old female patient presents to the ER department with severe left lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. The sonographic examination reveals an enlarged ovary with no detectable Doppler signal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Ovarian torsion

73
Q

Which of these is an estrogen-producing ovarian tumor: Brenner tumor, fibroma, thecoma, or endometrioma

A

thecoma

74
Q

A 55 yr old patient presents to the US department with a history of pelvic pressure, abdominal swelling, and abnormal uterine bleeding. A pelvic sonogram reveals a large, multiloculated cystic mass with papillary projections. Which one of these is the most likely diagnosis: serous cystadenocarcinoma, cystic teratoma, androblastoma, or dysgerminoma

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

75
Q

A patient with an ovarian mass presents with an elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein. Which of the following would be the most likely: ovarian fibroma, ovarian thecoma, cystic teratoma, or yolk sac tumor

A

yolk sac tumor

76
Q

The ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is the:

A

theca lutein cyst

77
Q

A malignant ovarian neoplasm that appears sonographically as a cystic structure with thin septations and/or papillary projections and is more often bilateral is often known as ______________ cystadenocarcinoma.

A

serous

78
Q

Also known as a transitional cell tumor, is a rare benign tumor, sonographically often appear as a small, hypoechoic tumor that may contain calcifications:

A

Brenner tumor

79
Q

Partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis is:

A

ovarian torsion

80
Q

This is a benign tumor of the ovary associated with ascites and pleural effusion:

A

Meigs syndrome

81
Q

This is a rare malignant germ cell tumor in a woman less than 30 years of age that appears sonographically as an entirely solid mass:

A

dysgerminoma

82
Q

An ovarian tumor with an abundance of fibrous tissue that is rarely associated with estrogen production is known as a __________________.

A

Fibroma

83
Q

What is the pelvic organ that is more involved with metastatic disease?

A

ovary

84
Q

What is another name for an endometrioma?

A

chocolate cyst

85
Q

A benign ovarian neoplasm that is filled with a sticky, gelatin like material is known as a _______________ cystadenoma.

A

mucinous

86
Q

This is the most common benign tumor of the ovary:

A

dermoid/cystic teratoma

87
Q

As time goes by the appearance of a hemorrhagic cyst becomes more:

A

complex

88
Q

A metastatic tumor that metastasizes to the ovaries from the gastrointestinal tract is known as:

A

Krukenbergs Tumor

89
Q

Cystic structure that lies adjacent to the ovary:

A

paraovarian cyst

90
Q

A feminizing neoplasm composed of cells resembling the graafian follicle is known as a __________ cell tumor.

A

granulosa

91
Q

This describes the intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that result from the rupture of a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma:

A

pseudomyxoma peritonei

92
Q

Rare, benign, estrogen producing ovarian neoplasm that is most often seen in postmenopausal women:

A

thecoma

93
Q

A localized tumor of endometriosis:

A

endometrioid

94
Q

Granulosa cell tumors, thecomas, fibroma and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors fall under the category of __________ tumors.

A

sex cord stromal

Ch. 42: Pathology of Ovaries Images and Class Notes (1 decks)

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