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Pharm Exam 3 > CH 42: Bowel Disorder Drugs > Flashcards

CH 42: Bowel Disorder Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

chronic constipation

A

fewer than three bowel movements per week accompanied by hard stools, straining to pass stools, and a feeling of incomplete evacuation.

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2
Q

s/s of constipation

A

abdominal distention
discomfort
flatulence

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3
Q

etiology of constipation may be related to:

A

lack of exercise
insufficient food intake, especially insoluble dietary fiber diminished fluid intake
medication regimen that includes drugs that reduce intestinal motility.
Opioids, anticholinergics, antihistamines, certain antacids, and iron supplements
hypothyroidism, diabetes, and irritable bowel syndrome

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4
Q

Bulk Forming Laxatives therapeutic effects
Psyllium
metamucil

A

Absorbs water and increase size of fecal mass

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5
Q

Bulk Forming Laxatives adverse effects
Psyllium
metamucil

A

Abdominal fullness or cramping, fainting
Esophageal or GI obstruction if taken with insufficient fluid

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6
Q

Bulk Forming Laxatives safety
Psyllium
metamucil

A

Always rule out obstruction before administering
Take with 8 oz of water or liquid
Can swell in the esophagus
Can decrease absorption of warfarin, dig, other medications

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7
Q

Saline and Osmotic Laxatives therapeutic effects
Miralax
Lactulose

A

Pull water into fecal mass to
create more watery stool

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8
Q

Saline and Osmotic Laxatives adverse effects
Miralax
Lactulose

A

Diarrhea
abdominal cramping
Hypermagnesemia with magnesium hydroxide
(dysrhythmias, respiratory failure)

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9
Q

Saline and Osmotic Laxatives
Miralax
Lactulose

A

Dehydration and fluid loss
Electrolyte depletion
Always rule out obstruction before administering

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10
Q

Stimulant Laxatives therapeutic effects
Correctol

A

Irritate the bowel mucosa

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11
Q

Stimulant Laxatives adverse effects
Correctol

A

Abdominal cramping
nausea
fainting
diarrhea
Fluid and electrolyte loss

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12
Q

Stimulant Laxatives safety monitoring
Correctol

A

Always rule out obstruction before administering

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13
Q

Surfactant – stool softener therapeutic effects

A

Cause more water and fat to be absorbed in
the stool

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14
Q

Surfactant – stool softener adverse effects

A

Abdominal cramping
nausea
fainting
diarrhea
Fluid and electrolyte loss

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15
Q

Surfactant – stool softener safety monitoring

A

Always rule out obstruction before administering

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16
Q

Herbal Laxatives therapeutic effects
Senna

A

Irritates the bowel and increases peristalsis

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17
Q

Herbal Laxatives adverse effects
Senna

A

Abdominal cramping
diarrhea
No serious adverse effects

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18
Q

Herbal Laxatives safety monitoring
Senna

A

Always rule out obstruction before administering

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19
Q

Opioid Antagonist Laxatives therapeutic effects
Naloxegol

A

Block opioid receptors in the colon
decrease opioid related constipation

20
Q

Opioid Antagonist Laxatives adverse effects
Naloxegol

A

Abdominal pain
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
flatulenceGI perforation
opioid withdrawal

21
Q

Opioid Antagonist Laxatives safety monitoring
Naloxegol

A

Always rule out obstruction before administering

22
Q

Mineral oil Laxatives therapeutic effects

A

Lubricates the stool and colon

23
Q

Mineral oil Laxatives safety monitoring

A
24
Q

uses of antidiarrheals

A

 Post surgical to prevent straining and subsequent intra-abdominal
intraocular or raise blood pressure
 People that take medications that cause constipation
 Treat constipation
 Remove toxins following poisoning or to remove dead parasites in the
intestinal tract following antihelminthic therapy
 cleanse the bowel prior to diagnostic or surgical procedures of the
colon or genitourinary tract.

25
Q

possible causes of diarrhea

A

medications
infections of the bowel
substances such as lactose.
Inflammatory disorders such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’sdisease, and IBS, can cause episodes of intense diarrhea.
Antibiotics often cause diarrhea by killing normal intestinal flora, thus allowing an overgrowth of opportunistic pathogenic organisms.

26
Q

antidiarrheals Opioids: adverse effects
Diphenoxylate with atropine
Loperamide
Immodium

A

Drowsiness
lightheadedness
nausea
dizziness
dry mouth (from atropine)
constipation
Paralytic ileus with toxic megacolon
**respiratory depression, central nervous
system (CNS) depression

27
Q

antidiarrheals Opioids: safety monitoring
Diphenoxylate with atropine
Loperamide
Immodium

A

CNS depression
Opioid overdose

28
Q

pepto mismol therapeutic effects
lactobacillus

A

binds to and absorbs toxins

29
Q

pepto mismol adverse effects
lactobacillus

A

Constipation
nausea
tinnitus
Impaction
Reye’s syndrome
Stomach gas
diarrhea
abdominal pain
Allergic reactions

30
Q

octreotide adverse effects

A

Nausea
diarrhea
abdominal pain
Changes in serum glucose
gallstones
cholestatic hepatitis

31
Q

nonobstructive dilation of the colon, which can be total or
segmental and is usually associated with systemic toxicity

A

Toxic megacolon

32
Q

condition where the motor activity of the
bowel is impaired, usually not associated with a mechanical cause

A

Paralytic ileus

33
Q

characterized by the presence of ulcers in the distal (terminal) portion of the small intestine
(Crohn’s disease) or mucosal erosions in the large intestine (ulcerative colitis). Over 1 million
Americans are estimated to have

A

IBD

34
Q

most common clinical presentation of ulcerative colitis

A

abdominal cramping with frequent bowel movements Severe disease may result in weight loss, bloody diarrhea, high fever, and dehydration

35
Q

patient with Crohn’s disease presents with

A

abdominal pain
cramping
diarrhea
may have been present for years before the patient sought treatment.

36
Q

Anti-inflammatory for UC and off label for CD

A

5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)
Sulfasalazine

37
Q

5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)
Sulfasalazine
adverse effects

A

Headache
abdominal pain
diarrhea
nausea
vomiting
rash
flulike illness
allergic reactions
Hepatotoxicity
blood dyscrasias
chronic kidney disease
salicylate hypersensitivity,
crystalluria
(sulfasalazine)

38
Q

5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)
Sulfasalazine
safety monitoring

A

Check for allergy to sulfa drugs, ASA, and furosemide
Liver function!!
hypoglycemia
Increased anti-coagulant effect
Dyscrasia!!

39
Q

defense mechanism used by the body to rid itself of toxic substances.

A

Vomiting

40
Q

causes of vomiting

A

 GI infections, food poisoning, nervousness, emotional imbalances, motion sickness, and extreme
pain. Other conditions that promote nausea and vomiting are general anesthetics, migraines,
trauma to the head or abdominal organs, inner ear disorders, and diabetes. Psychologic factors
 Pregnancy
 because the vomiting center lies in the brain, nausea and vomiting may occur with parenteral
formulations as well as with oral drugs
 anti-neoplastic drugs
 common reason for non-compliance to medications

41
Q

Antiemetics: Anticholinergics and Antihistamines
(diphenhydramine)
adverse effects

A

Drowsiness
dry mouth
blurred vision (scopolamine)
Hypersensitivity reaction
sedation
tremors
seizures
hallucinations
paradoxical excitation (more common in children)
hypotension

42
Q

Antiemetics:
Benzodiazepine
(Lorazepam)
adverse effects

A

drowsiness
ataxia
fatigue
slurred speech
Paradoxical excitation (more common in children)
seizures (if abruptly discontinued)
coma

43
Q

Antiemetics: Cannabinoids
(Dronabinol)
adverse effects

A

Dizziness
drowsiness
euphoria
confusion
ataxia,
asthenia,
increased sensory awareness
Paranoia,
decreased motor coordination,
hypotension

44
Q

Anitemetics: Corticosteroids adverse effects

A

Mood swings,
weight gain,
acne,
facial flushing,
nausea,
insomnia,
sodium and fluid retention,
impaired wound healing,
menstrual abnormalities,
insomnia
Peptic ulcer,
hypocalcemia,
osteoporosis with possible bone fractures,
loss of muscle mass,
decreased growth in children,
masking of infections

45
Q

antiemetic: Neurokinin receptor antagonists
aprepitant adverse effects

A

Fatigue,
constipation,
diarrhea,
anorexia,
nausea,
hiccups
Dehydration,
peripheral neuropathy,
blood dyscrasias,
pneumonia

46
Q

Antiemetic: Phenothiazine and phenothiazine like
(promethazine)
adverse effects

A

Fatigue,
constipation,
diarrhea,
anorexia,
nausea,
hiccups
Dehydration,
peripheral neuropathy,
blood dyscrasias,
pneumonia

*Mix with normal saline

47
Q

Antiemetics: Serotonin receptor antagonists
(odansetron) adverse effects

A

Headache,
drowsiness,
fatigue,
constipation,
diarrhea

Dysrhythmias
EPS

Pharm Exam 3 (5 decks)

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