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Hematology > Ch 41 > Flashcards

Ch 41 Flashcards

1
Q

What tissue is responsible for blood formation?

A

Bone marrow

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2
Q

What does the bone marrow produce?

A

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
White blood cells (leukocytes
Platelets

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3
Q

In adults, self producing marrow is present only in____?

A 
Flat bones (Sternum, skull, pelvic and shoulder girdles)
And in the ends of long bones
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4
Q

What are blood stem cells?

A

Immature, and specialized cells capable of becoming any one of several type of cells (RBC, WBC, or platelets) depending on the body’s needs

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5
Q

What is blood composed of?

A

Plasma and cells

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6
Q

What are the three major types of plasma proteins?

A

Fibrinogen, Albumin and Globulin

FAG. Take it your own direction. That’s just how I remember it.

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7
Q

What does albumin do?

A

Maintains he osmotic pressure of the blood preventing plasma from leaking into the tissues

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8
Q

What do globulins do?

A

Transport other substances and as antibodies, protecting the body against infection

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9
Q

What does fibrinogen do?

A

Inactive protein that is activated to form fibrin. Fibrin molecules assembled together to form structures important in the blood clotting process

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10
Q

What is the normal range of red blood cells?

A

4,200,000– 6,100,000 mm3

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11
Q

What does the globin portion of hemoglobin do?

A

Carries carbon dioxide.

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12
Q

What does the heme part of hemoglobin do?

A

Transports iron

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13
Q

What is erythropoiesis?

A

Selective growth of stem cells into mature erythrocytes

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14
Q

Where is a erythropoietin produced?

A

Kidney

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15
Q

What does a neutrophil do?

A

Ingest and digest microorganisms and foreign protein

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16
Q

What does a macrophage do?

A

Recognizes foreign proteins and micro organisms; ingest and phagocytosis

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17
Q

What do monocytes do?

A

Destroy bacteria and cellular debris; Matures into macrophage

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18
Q

What does an eosinophil do?

A

Releases vasoactive amines during allergic reaction

think: eeeeeeeeeosinophil, allergieeeeeeeeeeees

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19
Q

What do basophils do?

A

Release histamine and heparin in areas of tissue damage

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20
Q

Name the five leukocytes

A 
Neutrophil
Leukocyte (Macrophage)
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Basophil

Mnemonic: Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

21
Q

What substances are needed to form hemoglobin and RBCs?

A 
Iron
Vitamin B 12
Folic acid
Copper
Pyridoxine
Cobalt
Nickel
22
Q

After platelets we’ve the bone marrow, where they stored?

A

The spleen

23
Q

What is the single most common symptom of anemia?

A

Fatigue

24
Q

Skin manifestations in patient with hematologic problems

A

Pallor in nailbeds, gums, conjuncitavae and palmar creases
Jaundice
Petechiae (tiny dots of hemorrhagic lesions in the skin)
Absent or sparse hair

25
Q

Head and neck manifestations in patient with hematologic problems

A

Pallor or ulceration in mouth
Fissures in corner of mouth
Jaundiced sclera
Enlarged lymph nodes

26
Q

Respiratory manifestations in patient with hematologic problems

A

Shortness of breath at rest or on exertion, or needs extra pillows to sleep at night.

27
Q

Cardiovsacular manifestations in patient with hematologic problems

A 
Weak, thready pulses
Distended neck veins
Edema
Signs of phlebitis
Murmurs, gallops, irregular rhythm
Lower systolic BP in patient with anemia
Higher systolic BP in patient with excessive RBC
28
Q

Kidney and urinary manifestations in patient with hematologic problems

A

Hematuria

Proteinuria

29
Q

Musculoskeletal manifestations in patient with hematologic problems

A 
Rib tenderness (leukemia patients)
Joint swelling or pain
30
Q

Abdominal manifestations in patient with hematologic problems.

A

Enlarged spleen

31
Q

CBC measures ____

A

RBC (measures amt of circulating rbi in blood)
WBC (measures all leukocytes in blood)
Hct (measures percentage of RBC in blood)
Hgb (measures total hgb in blood)

32
Q

What is reticulocyte count?

A

Determines bone marrow function.

Reticulocyte is an immature RBC that still has nucleus.

Elevated reticulocyte count indicates RBC’s are being produced and released by bone marrow before they mature.

Normal range is 0.5%-2.0% of patient’s RBC count

33
Q

What is a platelet count?

A

Also known as thrombocyte count. Reflects number of platelets in circulation.

Normal range is 150,000-400,000

34
Q

What is the major type of hemoglobin in an adult?

A

Hemoglobin A

think A for Adult. Or, a Canadian adult who asks about hemoglobin, eh? Get it? Eh. A.?? Sigh

35
Q

What does serum ferritin test measure?

A

Amount of free iron present in the plasma.

It is related to the amount of intracellular iron and represents 1% of total body iron stores.

Normal levels:
Ladies: 10-150
Guys: 12-300

36
Q

What is transferrin?

A

Protein that transports dietary iron from intestines to cell storage sites.

TIBC is the lab value to review if there is sufficient transferrin.

37
Q

What is TIBC?

A

Total iron binding capacity. It measures the amount of iron that can be bound to serum transferrin.

Normal value: 250-460

38
Q

What is the normal lab value for RBC?

A

Broads: 4.2-5.4
Dudes: 4.7-6.1

39
Q

What is the normal HGB value?

A

Chix: 12-16
Guys: 14-18

40
Q

What is the normal HCT value?

A

Ladies: 37%-47%
Gents: 42%-52%

41
Q

What is normal WBC?

A

5,000-10,000

42
Q

What is normal Fe?

A

Dames: 60-160
Gents: 80-180

43
Q

What is normal serum ferritin?

A

Females: 10-150

Males 12-300

44
Q

What is normal platelet count?

A

150,000-400,000

45
Q

What is normal PT?

A

11 - 12.5 sec

46
Q

What does PT measure?

A

Length of time it takes blood to clot

47
Q

What does INR measure?

A

Length of time it takes blood to clot.

Normal value: 0.7-1.8

48
Q

What does PTT measure?

A

Length of time it takes blood to clot.

Difference between PT and PTT is that they assess different parts and factors of the clotting cascade.

Hematology (4 decks)

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