Ch 41 Flashcards by Lolo B

What tissue is responsible for blood formation?

Bone marrow

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What does the bone marrow produce?

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
White blood cells (leukocytes
Platelets

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In adults, self producing marrow is present only in____?

Flat bones (Sternum, skull, pelvic and shoulder girdles)
And in the ends of long bones

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What are blood stem cells?

Immature, and specialized cells capable of becoming any one of several type of cells (RBC, WBC, or platelets) depending on the body’s needs

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What is blood composed of?

Plasma and cells

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What are the three major types of plasma proteins?

Fibrinogen, Albumin and Globulin

FAG. Take it your own direction. That’s just how I remember it.

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What does albumin do?

Maintains he osmotic pressure of the blood preventing plasma from leaking into the tissues

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What do globulins do?

Transport other substances and as antibodies, protecting the body against infection

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What does fibrinogen do?

Inactive protein that is activated to form fibrin. Fibrin molecules assembled together to form structures important in the blood clotting process

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What is the normal range of red blood cells?

4,200,000– 6,100,000 mm3

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What does the globin portion of hemoglobin do?

Carries carbon dioxide.

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What does the heme part of hemoglobin do?

Transports iron

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What is erythropoiesis?

Selective growth of stem cells into mature erythrocytes

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Where is a erythropoietin produced?

Kidney

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What does a neutrophil do?

Ingest and digest microorganisms and foreign protein

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What does a macrophage do?

Recognizes foreign proteins and micro organisms; ingest and phagocytosis

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What do monocytes do?

Destroy bacteria and cellular debris; Matures into macrophage

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What does an eosinophil do?

Releases vasoactive amines during allergic reaction

think: eeeeeeeeeosinophil, allergieeeeeeeeeeees

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What do basophils do?

Release histamine and heparin in areas of tissue damage

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Name the five leukocytes

Neutrophil
Leukocyte (Macrophage)
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Basophil

Mnemonic: Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

What substances are needed to form hemoglobin and RBCs?

Iron
Vitamin B 12
Folic acid
Copper
Pyridoxine
Cobalt
Nickel

After platelets we’ve the bone marrow, where they stored?

The spleen

What is the single most common symptom of anemia?

Fatigue

Skin manifestations in patient with hematologic problems

Pallor in nailbeds, gums, conjuncitavae and palmar creases
Jaundice
Petechiae (tiny dots of hemorrhagic lesions in the skin)
Absent or sparse hair

Head and neck manifestations in patient with hematologic problems

Pallor or ulceration in mouth Fissures in corner of mouth Jaundiced sclera Enlarged lymph nodes

Respiratory manifestations in patient with hematologic problems

Shortness of breath at rest or on exertion, or needs extra pillows to sleep at night.

Cardiovsacular manifestations in patient with hematologic problems

``` Weak, thready pulses Distended neck veins Edema Signs of phlebitis Murmurs, gallops, irregular rhythm Lower systolic BP in patient with anemia Higher systolic BP in patient with excessive RBC ```

Kidney and urinary manifestations in patient with hematologic problems

Hematuria | Proteinuria

Musculoskeletal manifestations in patient with hematologic problems

``` Rib tenderness (leukemia patients) Joint swelling or pain ```

Abdominal manifestations in patient with hematologic problems.

Enlarged spleen

CBC measures ____

RBC (measures amt of circulating rbi in blood) WBC (measures all leukocytes in blood) Hct (measures percentage of RBC in blood) Hgb (measures total hgb in blood)

What is reticulocyte count?

Determines bone marrow function. Reticulocyte is an immature RBC that still has nucleus. Elevated reticulocyte count indicates RBC's are being produced and released by bone marrow before they mature. Normal range is 0.5%-2.0% of patient's RBC count

What is a platelet count?

Also known as thrombocyte count. Reflects number of platelets in circulation. Normal range is 150,000-400,000

What is the major type of hemoglobin in an adult?

Hemoglobin A | think A for Adult. Or, a Canadian adult who asks about hemoglobin, eh? Get it? Eh. A.?? Sigh

What does serum ferritin test measure?

Amount of free iron present in the plasma. It is related to the amount of intracellular iron and represents 1% of total body iron stores. Normal levels: Ladies: 10-150 Guys: 12-300

What is transferrin?

Protein that transports dietary iron from intestines to cell storage sites. TIBC is the lab value to review if there is sufficient transferrin.

What is TIBC?

Total iron binding capacity. It measures the amount of iron that can be bound to serum transferrin. Normal value: 250-460

What is the normal lab value for RBC?

Broads: 4.2-5.4 Dudes: 4.7-6.1

What is the normal HGB value?

Chix: 12-16 Guys: 14-18

What is the normal HCT value?

Ladies: 37%-47% Gents: 42%-52%

What is normal WBC?

5,000-10,000

What is normal Fe?

Dames: 60-160 Gents: 80-180

What is normal serum ferritin?

Females: 10-150 | Males 12-300

What is normal platelet count?

150,000-400,000

What is normal PT?

11 - 12.5 sec

What does PT measure?

Length of time it takes blood to clot

What does INR measure?

Length of time it takes blood to clot. | Normal value: 0.7-1.8

What does PTT measure?

Length of time it takes blood to clot. Difference between PT and PTT is that they assess different parts and factors of the clotting cascade.