ch 41 Flashcards
what is carbogen used for
hiccoughs, carbon monoxide poisoning, prevent washout of CO2 during cardiopulmonary bypass
indications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Acute- decompression sickness, air/gas embolism, carbon monoxide poisoning, traumatic injury, severe anemia
chronic- diabetic wounds, osteomyelitis, actinomycosis, radiation necrosis
complications of hyperbaric oxygen
Barotrauma- ear/sinus trauma, tympanic membrane rupture, gas embolish
oxygen toxicity- CNS toxic reaction, pulmonary toxic reaction
other- depression, claustrophobia, decreased cardiac output
hyperbaric oxygen and the physiologic effects
theraputic use of O2 at pressures greater than 1atm
effects-
*bubble reductions-embolism
*hyperoxygenation of blood&tissue vascocontriction
*enhance immune function
*neovascularization
what is carbogen
carbon dioxide and oxygen
what is laboratory gas and which gases are in the category
equipment calibration and diagnostic testing
ex. nitrogen, carbon dioxide
what is therapeutic gas and which gas is in this category?
relieve symptoms, improve oxygenation
ex. oxygen
what is anesthetic gas and which gas is in this catergory
combined w/oxygen to provide anesthesia during surgery
ex. nitrous oxide
Oxygen
*colorless
*odorless
*transparent
*tasteless
*nonflammable but accelerates combustion
how is oxygen produced
*large quantity fractional distillation
*small quantity physical separation of O2
other ways- chemical electrolysis of water, chemical decomposition of sodium chlorate
which production of oxygen is used in the hospital
fractional distillation
air
*colorless
*odorless
*natural occurring
what composition make up air
21% O2
1% trace gas
78% nitrogen
carbon dioxide
*colorless
*odorless
*doesnt support combustion or maintain animal life
*common uses for CO2 mixture
Helium
*odorless
*tasteless
*nonflammable, chemically, and physiologically inactive
*much less dense than air
*must always be mixed w/20% O2
how much oxygen must be mixed with helium
20%
Heliox uses
*mixture of O2 and Helium
*manages. airway obstruction
*decreases work of breathing
*lower density
*makes gas flow more laminar
heliox calculations
80/20= 1.8 70/30= 1.6
1.8 x flow. 1.6 x flow
ex 80/20 mixture at 10L/min
1.8 x 10= 18L/min
cylinder colors
O2=green
Air= yellow
CO2=grey
He=brown
N2O=blue
Heliox= brown and green
NO=teal and white
gas cylinder safety test
*conducted every 5 or 10 years
*cylinders are pressurized to 5/3 of service pressure
*check for leakage, expansion, wall stress
*results of pressure testing are stamped on tank
what is the purpose of the relief valve
*gas release if too much heat
*prevent tank pressure from becoming too high
*3 designs: 1.frangible metal disk
2.fusible plug melt
3.spring load valve opens
calculations to find out how long a tank will last
e tank= .28
h tank= 3.14
(PSI x Factor)/ flow= (ans)/60 mins=(ans)
(hr)on left / right x 60
ex.
1800 psi E cyclinder at 4LPM
(1800 x .28)/4= 126/60= 2.1. 2hr .1x60= 6
2 hr and 6 mins
calculation for minimum of tanks needed in given hours
e tank .28
psi 2200
(.28 x 2200)/flow= Ans
Ans/60
ans (hr on left)/ right X 60
ex
e tank at 5LPM for 3 hr
(.28 x 2200)/ (5)= (123)/60= 2.05
keep 2 hr
.05x 60= 3 min
2 hr 3 min is less 3 hrs so needed 2 tanks
3 types of bulk oxygen
- meet large O2 needs of health care facilities
2.systems hold at least 20000 cubic ft of gas - O2 may be stored in gas or liquid form
what is the central pipping system used for?
*delivers compressed gas to all areas through out hospital
*alarms warn of pressure drop or interruptions in flow from source
*zone valves located throughout system
*gas pressure reduced to standard working pressure 5 psi
what is American standard safety system (ASSS)
- large cylinders and their attachments
*prevent accidental misconnections
what is Diameter- index safety system (DISS)
- for low pressure gas connectors
- found at outlets of pressure reducuing valves, central pipping system
*found on inlets of blenders, flowmeters, and vents
Pin-Index safety system (PISS)
*small cylinders up to & include size E
*exact position of pins, pinholes vary for each gas
-2-5 O2
- 1-5 air
nitrix oxide and its uses
*colorless
*nonflammable, toxic gas that supports combustion
*exposure to high concentration cause methemoglobinema
*used for infants w/ hypoxic respiratory failure
*pulmonary hypertension
