Ch. 40

Question 1

acid:

Answer 1

substance containing a hydrogen ion that can be liberated or released

Question 2

acidosis:

Answer 2

condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid, in which the pH falls below 7.35

Question 3

active transport:

Answer 3

movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes, usually against a pressure gradient and with the expenditure of metabolic energy

Question 4

alkalosis:

Answer 4

condition, characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid concentration, in which the pH exceeds 7.45

Question 5

anions:

Answer 5

ion that carries a negative electric charge

Question 6

antibody:

Answer 6

immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

Question 7

antigen:

Answer 7

foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

Question 8

autologous transfusion:

Answer 8

occurs when a patient donates one’s own blood for a transfusion

Question 9

base:

Answer 9

substance that can accept or trap a hydrogen ion; synonym for alkali

Question 10

buffer:

Answer 10

substance that prevents body fluid from becoming overly acid or alkaline

Question 11

blood typing:

Answer 11

the laboratory examination to determine a person’s blood type

Question 12

capillary filtration:

Answer 12

passage of fluid across the wall of the capillary; results from the force of blood “pushing” against the walls of the capillaries

Question 13

cation:

Answer 13

ion that carries a positive electric charge

Question 14

colloid osmotic pressure:

Answer 14

pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body; synonym for oncotic pressure

Question 15

cross-matching:

Answer 15

act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens

Question 16

diffusion:

Answer 16

tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established

Question 17

edema:

Answer 17

accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces

Question 18

electrolytes:

Answer 18

substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution

Question 19

extracellular fluid (ECF):

Answer 19

fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and interstitial fluids