Ch 40

Question 0

Afterload

Answer 0

Resistance to the left ventricle ejection.

Question 1

ACS

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Answer 1

(Or myocardial infarction (MI)- necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by obstruction in a coronary artery)

Result from sudden decreases in coronary blood flow or an increase in myocardial oxygen demand without adequate coronary perfusion

Question 2

Angina pectoris

Answer 2

Transient imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand

Results in chest pain (typically on the left side) that is aching, sharp, tingling, or burning or that feels like pressure. The pain often radiates to the left or both arms, the jaw, neck, and back.
Usually lasts 3-5 minutes
Ofter precipitated by activities that increase myocardial O2 demand
Usually relieved with rest and coronary vasodilators

Question 3

Apnea

Answer 3

A sense of respirations for a period of time

Question 4

Atelectasis

Answer 4

Collapse of alveoli, preventing the normal respiratory exchange or O2 and carbon dioxide

Question 5

BiPAP

Answer 5

Bi-level positive airway pressure

Ventilators support used to treat patients with obstructive sleep apnea, patients with congestive heart failure, and preterm infants infants with underdeveloped lungs

Question 6

Bronchoscopy

Answer 6

Examination by means of a bronchoscope

Bronchoscope - lighted, flexible tubular instrument that is inserted into the trachea for diagnosis and for removing inhaled objects

Question 7

Cardiac output

(CO)

Answer 7

Volume of blood expelled by the ventricles of the heart

CO=amt of blood ejected per beat x #beats in time period (usually 1min)

Question 8

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

Answer 8

Actively assisting the patient with achieving and maintaining an optimal level of health through controlled physical exercise, nutrition counseling, relaxation and stress management techniques, prescribed medications and O2, and compliance

Question 9

Basic emergency procedures for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage

Answer 9

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CPR

Question 10

Group of therapy used to mobilize pulmonary secretions for expectoration

Answer 10

Chest physiotherapy

CPT

Question 11

Catheter inserted through the thorax into the chest cavity for removing air or fluid; Used after chest or heart surgery or pneumothorax

Answer 11

Cheat tube

Question 12

Occurs when there is decreases blood flow or injury to the brainstem

Answer 12

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Question 13

CPAP

Answer 13

continuous positive airway pressure

Ventilatory support used to treat patients with obstructive sleep apnea, patients with congestive heart failure, and preterm infants with underdeveloped lungs

Question 14

Diaphragmatic breathing

Answer 14

Reparation in which the abdomen moves out while the diaphragm descends on inspiration

Question 15

Sensation of shortness of breathe

Answer 15

Dyspnea

Question 16

Deviation from the normal pattern of heartbeat

Answer 16

Dysrhythmia

Question 17

ECG

Electrocardiogram

Answer 17

Tap hoc record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

Question 18

Short-term artificial airways to administer mechanical ventilation, relieve upper airway obstruction, protect against aspiration, or clear secretions

Answer 18

Endotracheal (ET) tube

Question 19

Expiration

Answer 19

Passive process that depends on the elastic recoil properties of the lungs, requiring little or no muscle work

Question 20

Inspiration

Answer 20

An active process stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta

Question 21

Hematemesis

Answer 21

Vomiting of blood, indicating upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Question 22

Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract

Answer 22

Hemoptysis

Question 23

Accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity between the parietal and visceral pleurae

Answer 23

Hemothorax

Question 24

Humidification

Answer 24

Process of adding water to gas

Question 25

Respiratory rate in excess of that required to maintain normal carbon dioxide levels in the body tissues

Answer 25

Hyperventilation

Question 26

Respiratory rate insufficient to prevent carbon dioxide retention

Answer 26

Hypoventilation

Question 27

Hypovolemia

Answer 27

Abnormally low circulating blood volume

Question 28

Inadequate cellular oxygenation that may result in he deficiency in the delivery or use of oxygen at the cellular level

Answer 28

Hypoxia

Question 29

Method of encouraging voluntary deep breathing by providing visual feedback to patients of the inspiratory volume they have achieved

Answer 29

Incentive spirometry

Question 30

Increase in both rate and depth of respirations

Answer 30

Kussmaul respiration

Question 31

MI

Answer 31

Myocardial infarction Necrosis of a portion of the cardiac muscle caused by obstruction in the coronary artery

Question 32

Condition that results when the supply of blood to the myocardium from the coronary arteries is insufficient to meet the oxygen demands of the organ

Answer 32

Myocardial ischemia

Question 33

Device used for precise oxygen delivery

Answer 33

Nasal cannula

Question 34

Process of adding moisture to inspired air by adding water droplets

Answer 34

Nebulization

Question 35

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation | NPPV

Answer 35

Used to prevent using invasive artificial airways in patients with acute respiratory failure, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, or exacerbation of chronic pulmonary disease. It has always been used following extubation of an ET tube

Question 36

Normal sinus rhythm | NSR

Answer 36

The wave pattern on an ECG that indicates normal conduction of an electrical impulse through the myocardium

Question 37

Orthopnea

Answer 37

Abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe comfortably

Question 38

Perfusion

Answer 38

Real area to the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 39

Diffusion is responsible for...

Answer 39

Moving the respiratory gases from one area to another by concentration gradients

Question 40

Pneumothorax

Answer 40

Collection of air or had in the pleural space

Question 41

Use of positioning along with percussion and vibration to drain secretions from specific segments of the lungs and bronchi into the trachea

Answer 41

Postural drainage

Question 42

Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of the diastole, immediately before ventricular contraction

Answer 42

Preload

Question 43

Pursed-lip breathing

Answer 43

Deep inspiration followed by prolonged expiration through pursed lips

Question 44

Stroke volume | SV

Answer 44

Amount of blood ejected by the ventricles with each contraction. It can be affected by the amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole(preload), the resistance to the left ventricular ejection(after load), and myocardial contractility

Question 45

Surfactant

Answer 45

Chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing

Question 46

Tracheostomy

Answer 46

Procedure whereby a surgical incision is made into the trachea and a short air official airway (a tracheostomy tube) is inserted

Question 47

Respiratory process by which gases are moved in and out of the lungs

Answer 47

Ventilation

Question 48

Adventitious lung sounds caused by a severely narrowed bronchus

Answer 48

Wheezes/wheezing

Question 49

Ventricular tachycardia & Ventricular fibrillation

Answer 49

Life-threatening rhythms that require immediate intervention. Ventricular tachycardia is a life/threatening dysrhythmia because of the decreased cardiac output and the potential to deteriorate into ventricular fibrillation or sudden cardiac death

Question 50

Blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes

Answer 50

Cyanosis

Question 51

Ischemia

Answer 51

Inadequate blood supply to a part of the body