Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

P-AP Biology > Ch 4 Vocab > Flashcards

Ch 4 Vocab Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Electron microscope

A

A microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron beam through, or onto the surface of a specimen.
An electron microscope achieves a hundredfold greater resolution than a light microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Cell theory

A

The theory that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

A

A microscope that uses an electron beam to study the fine details of cell surfaces and other specimens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

A

A microscope that uses an electron beam to study the internal structure of thinly sectioned specimens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains bacteria and archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

A type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles.
All organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chromosomes

A

A threadlike gene carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis; Also the main gene carrying structure of a prokaryotic cell.
Consists of one very long piece of chromatin, a combination of DNA and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ribosomes

A

A cell structure consisting of RNA and protein organized into two subunits and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomal subunits are constructed in the nucleolus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The contents of a eukaryotic cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; consists of a semi fluid medium and organelles; can also refer the interior of a prokaryotic cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nucleoid

A

A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Flagella

A

A long cellular appendage specialized in locomotion.

Propel a prokaryotic cell through its liquid environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Organelles

A

A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains most of the cell’s DNA—its master plans— control’s the cell’s activities by directing protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cellular metabolism

A

All the chemical activities of a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Flagella

A

Long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Organelles

A

Membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell

16
Q

Nucleus

A

An atoms central core, containing protons and neutrons.

17
Q

Chromatin

A

Combination of DNA and proteins that constitutes eukaryotic chromosomes.

18
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Double membrane that encloses the nucleus, perforated with pores that regulate traffic with the cytoplasm.

19
Q

Nucleolus

A

A structure within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is made and assembled with proteins imported from the cytoplasm to make ribosomal subunits

20
Q

Vesicles

A

A sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

21
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

An extensive membranous network in a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions

22
Q

Rough ER

A

That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins.

23
Q

Smooth ER

A

Portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes

24
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells

25
Q

Lysosomes

A

A digestive organelle in eukaryotic cells; contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest engulfed food or damaged organelles

26
Q

Vacuoles

A

Membrane-enclosed sac that is part of the endo membrane system of a eukaryotic cell and has diverse functions

27
Q

Peroximones

A

An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substrates to oxygen producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.

28
Q

Mitochondria

A

Organelle in eukaryotic cells where cellular respiration occurs

29
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Organelle found in plants and photosynthesis protist that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.

30
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.

31
Q

Cilia

A

Short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion

32
Q

Extra cellular matrix

A

Mesh work surrounding animal cells

33
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

An open channel in a plant cell wall through which strands of cytoplasm connect from adjacent cells.

P-AP Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions