Ch 4 Upper Limb Flashcards
the hand consists of ___ bones
27
phalanges are:
bones of the digits
metacarpals are:
bones of the palm
carpals are:
bones of the wrist
the digits on one hand contain ____ phalanges which are ___ bones
14, long
the ____ of the metacarpals is where the most fractures occur
neck
metacarpal heads aka:
knuckles
the first metacarpal contains _____
2 sesamoid bones
the wrist has __ carpal bones
8
carpal bones are ___ bones
short
proximal row:
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
distal row:
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
the ____ is the most fractured carpal bone
scaphoid
carpal sulcus is:
the anterior surface of the wrist is concave
carpal tunnel syndrome results from:
compression of the median nerve inside the carpal tunnel
the forearm has __ bones the ___ and the ____, which are __ bones
2, radius and ulna, which are long bones
the radius is ___ and the ulna is ____
radius is lateral, ulna is medial
the arm has __ bones the ____
1, humerus
the proximal end of the humerus articulates with:
the shoulder girdle
the distal end of the humerus is called the ______, the ____ is medial, and _____ is lateral
humeral condyle, trochlea is medial, capitulum is lateral
IP joints are b/w the _____ are synovial hinge and only allow _____
b/w phalanges, allow flexion and extension
MCP joints are b/w ____ and allow:
b/w metacarpals and carpals and allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction
the thumb can only:
abduct and adduct
CMC joint is b/w ____and allows the thumb to _____
the thumb and trapezium and allows the thumb to oppose (touch the fingertips)
the elbow joint proper includes what joints?
the proximal radioulnar joint and the joint b/w the humerus and the radius & ulna
SID for digits and hand?
40”
PA, OBL & LAT 2-5 DIGITS
IR:
CR:
IR: 10x12 LW
CR: perp. entering PIP
for all digit/hand images you want the position of the arm to be:
at a right angle
obliquity of the PA Oblique digits is:
45°
AP, OBL & LAT THUMB
CR:
perp. entering MCP joints
PA hand CR:
perp. to 3rd MCP
PA oblique hand CR:
perp. to 3rd MCP
lateral hand CR:
perp. to 2nd MCP
PA wrist CR:
perp. to midcarpal area
PA oblique wrist CR:
2 best shown carpal bones?
perp. to midcarpal area
scaphoid & trapezium
PA wrist ulnar deviation shows?
scaphoid
Wrist Scaphoid Projection Stetcher Method angle for IR or CR:
IR raised 20° or CR angled 20° toward the elbow
Gaynor-Hart Method most commonly used on? best shows what carpal bones?
athletes, trapezium, hamate & pisiform
AP forearm CR:
perp. to mid-forearm
for Lateral forearm flex the elbow ___ degrees, CR is ____
90°, perp. to mid-forearm
AP, Oblique, and Lateral elbow CR:
perp. to elbow joint
what is the reason for flexing the elbow 90°?
to show the olecranon process and fat pads are the least compressed
in the AP elbow medial rotation the ____is free of superimposition
coronoid process
in the AP elbow lateral rotation the ____ is free of superimposition
radial head and neck
AP humerus top of IR is _____, ____ the hand, epicondyles should be _____ with IR, CR is ______
1.5” above humeral head, supinate the hand, epicondyles are parallel with the IR, CR is perp. to mid-humerus
AP humerus shows ______ in profile
greater tubercle
Lateral Humerus the epicondyles are _____ to the IR, the _____ is in profile
epicondyles are perp.to IR, lesser tubercle is in profile
