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Rad Science 1 > Ch 4: The Xray Circuit > Flashcards

Ch 4: The Xray Circuit Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define electrodynamics

A

electricity
electric charges in motion

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2
Q

What is a circuit?

A

a series of moving charges with occasional object or device that affects the flow

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3
Q

T/F A closed circuit is a complete path where the electricity will flow.

A

True

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4
Q

What is an open circuit?

A

pathway of electron/electrical flow is broken
happens when you turn off a light switch (opens the circuit)

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5
Q

Describe the electron flow in a Direct current

A

electrons flow in 1 direction
positive and negative end

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6
Q

Why is a DC important in the xray tube

A

so electrons flow one direction from cathode to anode

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7
Q

describe an alternating current

A

electrons flow rapidly back and forth, changing direction
created by specialized generators
this generator changed the charge (polarity) making electrons flow in different directions

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8
Q

Electricity usually results from the movement of the….

A

electrons through the circuit

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9
Q

Electric potential is measure in….

A

volts

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10
Q

Electric potential is selected on the generator as…

A

kvp

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11
Q

Electric current is measured in…

A

amperes

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12
Q

electric current is selected on the generator as…

A

mA

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13
Q

electric resistance is measured in…

A

Ohm’s

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14
Q

Equation for Ohm’s Law

A

V = IR
v - voltage
I - current
R - resistence

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15
Q

What are two types of Electric current?

A

Alternating current
direct current

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16
Q

How are the two types of electric current different?

A

Alternating: electron flows in both directions, fluctuating voltage
Direct: electrons flow in one direction, stable voltage

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17
Q

Differentiate between conductor and insulator

A

conductor - supports the travel of electricity
insulator - resist electrical flow

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18
Q

Define electromagnetism

A

any flow of electrons are surrounded by magnetic field

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19
Q

Define self-induction

A

fluctuating magnetic field cuts through the turns of the coil creating opposing voltage
(primary/secondary)

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20
Q

Define mutual induction

A

electricity induced in a secondary coil by a moving magnetic field
(step up/step down transformers)

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21
Q

What is a transformer?

A

devices that convert electrical current from one potential diff (voltage) to another

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22
Q

Why are transformers important in xray?

A

they are able to increase/decrease the voltage from the electricity in the wall to the voltage needed for creating the xray being done

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23
Q

Define autotransformer

A

serves as both primary and secondary coil
single core and wire coil around it
turns ratio depends on technique selection

24
Q

What kind of transformer(s) use mutual induction?

A

step up and step down transformers

25
Q

What kind of transformer(s) use self-induction?

A

autotransformer

26
Q

Define step-up transformer

A

more coils in the secondary side of the transformer
increases voltage

27
Q

Define step-down transformer

A

more coils in the primary side of the transformer
decreases voltage

28
Q

Differentiate between the three types of transformers used in xray circuit

A

Auto - self-induction, can act as a step up or step down transformer, ability to increase or decrease voltage
Step Up - more coils on the secondary side, increases voltage
Step Down - more coils on the primary side, decreases voltage

29
Q

What are the three sections of the xray circuit?

A

primary (low voltage) side
secondary (high voltage) side
filament circuit

30
Q

What are the three main components of the x-ray circuit and what is involved in each?

A

High voltage power supply - transformers
control unit to manipulate the power - generator
X-ray tube - creating the x-rays

31
Q

Define rectification

A

converting AC to DC
xray circuit is a full wave rectification circuit using 4 rectifiers

32
Q

Within an electrical circuit, the term “current” refers to the movement of what?

A

electrons

33
Q

In an electrical circuit, the term “voltage” refers to what?

A

electrical force that moves the electrons through the circuit

34
Q

Commercial power supplying the xray circuit is _____ (direct, alternating) current

A

alternating

35
Q

What is the primary difference between an AC and DC within an electrical circuit?

A

direction of electron flow

36
Q

What component of the xray circuit needs to use alternating current in order to function?

A

transformers

37
Q

Why must an xray tube be supplied direct current?

A

The electrons need to flow in one direction to prevent damage to the tube - cannot have electrons flowing back into the cathode
Electrons move from cathode to anode ONLY

38
Q

T/F Direct current changes polarity but keeps a constant, stable voltage.

A

False

DC does not change polarity (direction/charge)

39
Q

The difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit is called the…

A

voltage

40
Q

What is the function of the rectifier within the xray circuit?

A

convert AC to DC

41
Q

The rectifier is located where in the xray circuit?

A

step-up transformer and the xray tube

42
Q

T/F Alternating current alternates between negative and positive polarity

A

True

change in polarity causes the electrons to rapidly change directions

43
Q

What is half-wave rectification?

A

the negative portion of the pulse is removed, leaving large gaps between positive voltage peaks where xrays cannot be made

44
Q

what type of rectifier is used in modern day xray equipment?

A

Diode-based rectification

45
Q

What is a diode?

A

small electric device that allows alternating current to come in, but only direct current to go out

46
Q

What type of rectification occurs when negative voltage peaks are turned into positive voltage peaks

A

full-wave rectification

47
Q

a transformer operates on what principle?

A

electromagnetic induction

48
Q

How do step-up transformers affect amperage and voltage?

A

increase voltage, decrease amperage

49
Q

which type of transformer is incorporated within the high voltage portion of the xray circuit

A

step up transformer

50
Q

Define electromagnetic induction

A

magnetic field creates an electric current to flow

51
Q

How do you determine the turns ratio of a transformer?

A

ratio: number of secondary coils to number of primary coils

52
Q

A step down transformer has ___ (more/less) coils in the primary side than the secondary side

A

more

53
Q

If there are more coils in the secondary side of the transformer, what kind of transformer is it?

A

step up transformer

54
Q

What type of transformer is needed for the filament in the xray circuit in order for thermionic emission to be possible? Why?

A

step down transformer
increases amperage to the level needed to heat up for thermionic emission

55
Q
A

Rad Science 1 (11 decks)

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