ch 4 test

Question 1

population

Answer 1

study of the entire group about which we want information

Question 2

sample

Answer 2

part of the population about which we actually collect information

Question 3

convenience samples

Answer 3

choosing individuals who are easiest to reach

Question 4

bias

Answer 4

a study that systematically favors certain outcomes

Question 5

voluntary samples

Answer 5

people who chose to respond to a survey themselves by responding to a general appeal

Question 6

simple random sample (srs)

Answer 6

consists of individuals from the population chosen in such a way that every set of n individuals has an equal chance to be the sample selected

Question 7

stratified random sample

Answer 7

classify the population into groups of similar individual then choose a separate srs of each strata

Question 8

cluster sample

Answer 8

divide the population into smaller groups that mirror the characteristics of the population then take an srs of the clusters and sample everyone in the selected clusters

Question 9

sampling frame

Answer 9

the list of individuals from which a sample is drawb

Question 10

bad sampling methods

Answer 10

voluntary response samples, convince samples

Question 11

under coverage

Answer 11

when some groups of the population are left out of the processes of chiseling the sample

Question 12

nonresponse

Answer 12

when an individual chosen for the sample cannot be contacted or refuses to participate

Question 13

incorrect response

Answer 13

answer questions in a way that is politically correct if what they think the interviewer wants to hear

Question 14

wording

Answer 14

most important influence on the answers given to a sample survey- can lead to incorrect response

Question 15

observational study

Answer 15

observes individuals and measures variable of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses

Question 16

experiment

Answer 16

deliberately imposed some treatment on individuals to measure their responses

Question 17

confounding variables

Answer 17

when two variables are associated in such a way that their effects in the response variable cannot be distinguished from each other

Question 18

treatment

Answer 18

specific condition applied to the individuals in an experiment

Question 19

experimental units

Answer 19

the smallest collection of individuals to which treatments are applied

Question 20

random assignment

Answer 20

experimental units are assigned to treatments at random using some chance process

Question 21

completely randomized design

Answer 21

treatments are assigned to all the experimental units completely by chance

Question 22

statistically significant

Answer 22

an observed effect so large it would rarely occur by chance

Question 23

scope of inference

Answer 23

what conclusions can be drawn from statistical studies

Question 24

block

Answer 24

group of experimental units that are similar

Question 25

randomized block design

Answer 25

separate subjects into blocks and then randomly assign treatments within each block

Question 26

matched pairs

Answer 26

subjects are paired and then randomly assigned each treatment- order of treatments must be randomized because each subject receives both treatments