Ch. 4 - Special Populations Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

A patient with acquired immunodeficiency virus may have complications of multiple infections from diseases considered to be:

a.
opportunistic

b.
transient

c.
symbiotic

d.
benign

a.
opportunistic

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The term golden hour refers to reduction of morbidity and mortality of which type of patient population?

a.
organ transplant recipients

b.
pregnant patients

c.
premature neonates

d.
trauma victim

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What is the usual cause of a clavicular fracture of a neonate during a vaginal delivery?

a.
cephalopelvic disproportion

b.
shoulder dystocia

c.
use of surgical forceps

d.
placenta previa

b.
shoulder dystocia

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A patient undergoing bariatric surgery may require extra time for general anesthetic reversal because anesthetic agents may be accumulated in and slowly eliminated from what type of tissue?

a.
hypertrophic liver

b.
lung alveoli

c.
smooth muscle

d.
adipose fat

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Which physiological response to environmental temperature changes is missing or undeveloped in an infant of less than 6 months of age?

a.
shivering

b.
fever

c.
flushing

d.
shock

a.
shivering

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Wound healing in bariatric surgery patients is enhanced due to the increased vascularity of adipose tissue.

True
False

False

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Which special patient population group has a 30% to 80% statistical likelihood of coexisting psychiatric illness in addition to the diagnosis for which they are coming to surgery?

a.
geriatric

b.
HIV/AIDS

c.
substance abuse

d.
physically challenged

c.
substance abuse

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In which pediatric age group would all of the craniofacial sinuses be fully developed?

a.
preschooler

b.
adolescent

c.
toddler

d.
neonatal

b.
adolescent

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What is a common potential side effect of all forms of antibiotic therapy for major pediatric infections?

a.
hypovolemic shock

b.
kernicterus

c.
pseudomembranous enterocolitis

d.
tooth enamel staining and hypoplasia

c.
pseudomembranous enterocolitis

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What type of physiological measurement method is rarely done in a neonatal patient due to risk of anatomical trauma?

a.
esophageal temperature probe placement

b.
urethral catheterization for urinary output

c.
pulse oximetry for blood oxygen saturation

d.
cut-down intra-arterial catheter placemen

b.
urethral catheterization for urinary output

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Which diagnosis could create a social stigma and possible overdramatization of exposure risk by health care workers?

a.
carcinoma of the lung

b.
type II diabetes mellitus

c.
human immunodeficiency virus

d.
morbid obesity

c.
human immunodeficiency virus

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In many cases, for all age populations, pulse oximetry has replaced arterial blood gases (ABGs) as the routine method of monitoring blood oxygenation, due to its low cost, ease, and decreased potential for infection.

True
False

True

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Which organ is responsible for the failure to produce insulin in a patient with type I diabetes?

a.
liver

b.
spleen

c.
kidney

d.
pancreas

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Which anesthetic method helps reduce the anxiety and stress experienced by pediatric surgical patients?

a.
Bier block

b.
spinal continuous drip

c.
awake intubation

d.
rapid induction

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Placement of a rolled sheet or pad to elevate a pregnant patient’s right hip, tilting the operating room table to the left with slight Trendelenburg, or both will shift the weight of the gravid uterus and relieve pressure from the:

a.
ureters and right kidney

b.
pelvic floor and bladder

c.
abdominal aorta and vena cava

d.
bilateral sciatic nerve

c.
abdominal aorta and vena cava

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Multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis are examples of:

a.
autoimmune diseases

b.
congenital anomalies

c.
hereditary disorders

d.
demyelinating processes

a.
autoimmune diseases

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Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of which body system?

a.
cardiovascular

b.
genitourinary

c.
endocrine

d.
integumentary

c.
endocrine

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What is the chemical and physiological classification of insulin?

a.
hormone

b.
sugar

c.
protein

d.
carbohydrate

a.
hormone

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Patients with developmental delays may suffer cognitive disabilities, but may also exhibit normal intelligence.

True
False

True

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In what way can the surgical technologist who is setting up his or her back table and Mayo stand reduce an 18-month-old patient’s anxiety prior to induction of anesthesia?

a.
Perform normal duties of preparation of the sterile field, keeping as quiet as possible for induction.

b.
Break scrub and hold patient down on bed during IV placement.

c.
Leave room when patient enters to reduce number of persons in room, returning after anesthesia induction.

d.
Wave to and joke with patient, while maintaining distance from unsterile areas.

a.
Perform normal duties of preparation of the sterile field, keeping as quiet as possible for induction.

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Which level of trauma center designation can meet all the needs required for treating patients on a 24-hour basis?

a.
Level IV

b.
Level III

c.
Level I

d.
Level II

c.
Level I

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All of the following national agencies have regulations or protocols for health care workers who may be exposed to infectious diseases in their work environment EXCEPT:

a.
OSHA

b.
NIOSH

c.
NFPA

d.
CDC

c.
NFPA

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Which of the following activities would present no risk of contracting HIV from an infected individual?

a.
pregnancy and childbirth

b.
conversation in close proximity

c.
unprotected sexual relations

d.
sharing used hypodermic needles

b.
conversation in close proximity

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What is the term for the mechanism of injury in a trauma patient that takes into account velocity of the injuring force, flexibility of the tissue, and shape of the injuring force?

a.
trauma designation

b.
advance directive

c.
kinematics

d.
informatics

c.
kinematics

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Kaposi's sarcoma is sometimes seen in combination with which of the following diseases? a. AIDS b. HBV c. HPV d. TB

a. AIDS

What is the MOST common type of shock seen in infants and children? a. hypervolemic b. cardiogenic c. septic d. hypovolemic

c. septic

Because of the types of drugs used to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ, the recipient patient is considered to have which of the following? a. autoimmune disorder b. immunodeficiency syndrome c. T-lymphocyte compromise d. immunosuppressed status

d. immunosuppressed status

What is a coping mechanism often seen in children reacting to trauma? a. regression b. adaptation c. trivializing d. denial

a. regression

Which organ is MOST often injured in motor vehicle accidents? a. brain b. liver c. spleen d. heart

c. spleen

An emergency laparotomy would be the indicated treatment for all of the following postoperative bariatric surgery complications EXCEPT: a. gastric perforation b. abdominal catastrophe c. bowel strangulation d. thrombophlebitis

d. thrombophlebitis

Approximately 80% of which special patient population presents to surgery with one or more comorbid conditions? a. geriatric b. pediatric c. pregnant d. sensory impaired

a. geriatric

Vomiting from preoperative narcotics can predispose patients with diabetes to fluid and electrolyte imbalances resulting in: a. hypotension b. hypoglycemia c. hyperglycemia d. hypertension

b. hypoglycemia

To preserve evidence in a criminal case, what might be done to the patient's hands if the patient does not require surgery? a. A hand sanitizer is rubbed into the skin of the hands. b. Bags are placed around the hands and taped in place. c. A surgical scrub brush and water are used to 2 inches above the elbows. d. Sterile oversized gloves are placed on both hands.

b. Bags are placed around the hands and taped in place.

Which of the following is NOT a potential risk from administration of general anesthesia to a pregnant patient? a. fetal death b. preterm labor c. placenta previa d. lower birth weight

c. placenta previa

High- or low-velocity projectiles are factors in which type of injuries? a. blunt b. penetrating c. hypothermia d. electrical

b. penetrating

During a surgical procedure on a pregnant patient, the surgical technologist in the scrub role may be asked to palpate what area to detect possible contractions? a. gravid uterus b. carotid artery c. radial artery d. xiphoid process

a. gravid uterus

Which special patient populations would likely require diagnostic biopsies for verification of cryptosporidiosis, candidiasis, or cytomegalovirus infections? a. geriatric b. diabetic c. trauma d. HIV/AIDS

d. HIV/AIDS

A surgical technologist working in a Veteran's Administration (VA) facility might frequently encounter patients with which of the following conditions? a. IDDM b. PTSD c. COPD d. DCIS

b. PTSD

For which condition would a patient coming to the operating room likely need an interpreter? a. Down syndrome b. vegetative state c. total blindness d. complete deafness

d. complete deafness

Morbid obesity refers to patients whose body weight is greater than how many pounds over their ideal weight? a. 50 b. 75 c. 100 d. 15

c. 100

Which broad category of routes of transmission of microorganisms includes food, water, and medical devices and equipment? a. airborne b. vector-borne c. common vehicle d. drople

c. common vehicle

Overgrowth of which microorganism is most likely responsible for pediatric cases of enterocolitis following antibiotic therapy? a. Staphylococcus aureus b. Helicobacter pylori c. Escherichia coli d. Clostridium difficile

d. Clostridium difficile

Which patient condition might be characterized by physical appearance of flat nasal bridge and short neck with some impairment of cognitive ability and growth, slower speech, and an affectionate to clingy persona? a. Down syndrome b. juvenile diabetes c. Alzheimer's disease d. pituitary dwarfism

a. Down syndrome

In a surgical procedure on a severely injured trauma patient, which of the following measures is of utmost importance? a. keeping the patient's spine in alignment during changes in position b. keeping the patient's body temperature well below 35°C (95°F). c. prepping all traumatic wounds with a pulse lavage device d. performing accurate sponge, sharps, and instrument counts

a. keeping the patient's spine in alignment during changes in position

Bariatric patients undergoing surgery and in the immediate postoperative period should have sequential compression devices applied to the lower extremities to prevent: a. hypovolemic shock b. congestive heart failure c. deep vein thrombosis d. respiratory arrest

c. deep vein thrombosis

Conditions such as severe arthritis, contractures, and tremors are categorized under which type of challenge? a. developmental b. sensory c. cognitive d. physical

d. physical

Which classification of antibiotics is contraindicated for use in neonates due to increased incidence of kernicterus? a. penicillins b. cephalosporins c. tetracyclins d. sulfonamide

d. sulfonamide

Which body system is highly susceptible to injury during positioning of bariatric and geriatric patients? a. digestive b. respiratory c. integumentary d. cardiovascular

c. integumentary

For which type of transmission-based disease would health care workers need to be fitted for an N-95 respirator mask? a. droplet b. airborne c. vector-borne d. contact

b. airborne

For which special patient population group would the help of a counselor or social worker who could communicate the current state of mind or mood of the patient to the OR staff be of benefit to all parties involved? a. isolation b. pediatric c. geriatric d. substance abuse

d. substance abuse

What is the number one cause of death in children ages 1 to 15 in the United States? a. accidents b. carcinoma c. metabolic disorders d. genetic malformations

a. accidents

Which position enhances a bariatric patient's total lung volume and aids in ventilation? a. reverse Trendelenburg b. lateral chest c. low-lithotomy d. Trendelenburg

a. reverse Trendelenburg

Pediatric patients require an enhanced team focus on the physiological needs in a more dramatic way than any other age group. True False

True

What other condition frequently suffered by obese patients and discovered intraoperatively may be treated surgically in conjunction with a bariatric procedure? a. obstructive sleep apnea b. cholelithiasis c. non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus d. degenerative osteoarthritis

b. cholelithiasis

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common postoperative complication in patients with diabetes due to the increased perfusion of affected tissues. True False

False

Which of the following is a common response of pediatric patients to injury and may result in gastric dilatation? a. hyperventilation b. syncope and collapse c. assuming a fetal position d. projectile vomiting

a. hyperventilation

Physical forces of deceleration, acceleration, compression, and shearing are factors in which type of injuries? a. penetrating b. hypothermia c. blunt d. electrical

c. blunt

What is the name of the device used to test the blood of patients with diabetes for metabolic status? a. acetometer b. glucometer c. ketometer d. insulometer

b. glucometer

During which part of pregnancy would an abdominal surgery be considered safest for both mother and fetus? a. third trimester b. second trimester c. first trimester d. concurrent with delivery

b. second trimester

Which of the following is the major cause of serious trauma suffered by pediatric patients? a. birth injuries b. electrical burns c. motor vehicle accidents d. bicycle falls

c. motor vehicle accidents