ch 4: sexual anatomy Flashcards
what is genital self-image?
our attitudes and feelings about our genitals
vaginoplasty
tightening of the vagina
what is it called when the hood of the clitoris is removed
hoodectomy
what is it called when your celebrating the diversity of the vulva
petals
(external female organ) urethral opening
where pee comes out of the body
(external female organ) perineum (female gooch)
- area of skin between introitus and anus
- this area sometimes gets cut during childbirth
(external female organ) introitus
the vaginal opening
(external female organ) hymen or “cherry”
- thin membrane that partly covers the introitus
- ppl used to see if women still had their hymens to see if they were still virgins
- men used to hang the bloody sheets on the front door to show everyone that the wife was still a virgin
(internal female organ) Vagina
- expands during arousal
- has 3 layers
- healthy vaginas clean itself
what are some things that can affect vaginal discharge?
- stress
- periods
- sex
- infections
(internal female organs) Uterus - 3 parts
- endometrium
- myometrium
- perimetrium
what is the endometrium (part of uterus)
- builds up over the course of the menstrual cycle
- this is what sheds off during periods if there is no egg (if you dont get pregnant)
what is the myometrium (part of the uterus)
powerful muscle to push out the baby
what is the perimetrium? (part of the uterus)
external cover of the uterus
(internal female organs) Cervix
- lower end of the uterus
- small opening but can expand to push out a baby
(internal female organs) Fallopian tubes
- lined with cilia (hair like things to help push the egg through the tubes)
what are the three segments of the fallopian tubes?
- Isthmus
- Ampulla
- Infundibulum
where does fertilization happen in the fallopian tubes?
at the far end of the fallopian tube
(internal female organs) Ovaries
- produces “OVA” and female sex hormones
what are the two important functions of the ovaries?
- this is where the egg cells are released
- estrogen and progesterone are released
what is a pap test?
- done annually
- scrape our cervix cells manually or with a speculum
(external male organs) Penis (GUMFcRSp)
- glans
- urethra
- meatus
- frenulum
- corona
- root
- shaft
- prepuce
what is the glans (male)
head
what is the urethra (male)
hole for semen or pee
what is the meatus (male)
urethral opening
what is the frenulum (male)
tissue connecting underside of penis to shaft
what is the corona (male)
ridge separating glans from shaft
what is the root (male)
part that attaches to the body
what is the shaft (male)
main part of the penis
what is the prepuce (male)
foreskin
what are some stats about circumcision
- 32% of newborns in canada are circumcised today
- highest rate of circumcision is in Albert 44%
- Lowest rate of circumcision is in Newfoundland and Nunavut
what is a “super-cision” (male)
a slit in the foreskin
what is a “subincision” (male)
a slit along the underside of the penis to the depth of the urethra along the whole length of the penis (pee comes from underneath than thru the tip)
In the Victorian Era, what did Dr. Hutchinson suggest for males
recommended circumcision because “the constant contact of the foreskin touching the penis was a form of arousal and torture for the boy”
what is practiced in some cultures as a “right of passage”?
circumcision
what are the 2 spongey tissues inside the penis?
- Corpora Cavernosa
- Corpus Spongiosum
average penis size
soft = 2-4”
hard = 6”
what are the two ways men try to increase penis size?
- supplements & exercise (INEFFECTUAL)
- surgery (RISKY AND UNSATISFYING)
what were some of the stats of the study of “55,000 heterosexual individuals”
- men didn’t like their penis’, women didn’t care
- women didn’t rate bigger penis’ as more attractive
- 45% of men in this study wanted a larger penis
what are the stats about MSM? (men men relationships)
the man with the smaller penis is usually a bottom and, bigger penis is top
why does penis size matter?
- genital self image relates to sexual behaviour and sexual well-being
- men with small penis’ might be too embarrassed to show their body to a doctor
what is a “Testicular self exam”
gently rolling the testicle between the thumb and forefingers to check for bumps or lumps.
(external male organs) scrotum
- Pouch of skin which contains testes
- raises and lowers to maintain body temperature
- lots of nerve endings so it’s very sensitive to sexual stimulation
(external male organs) Perineum (gooch)
area between testes and anus
(internal male organs) testes
produces sperm and testosterone
(internal male organs) Seminiferous Tubules
tubes where sperm is produced and stored
(internal male organs) Interstitial cells
produces testosterone
(internal male organs) Epididymus
the tube where sperm ripens and matures
(internal male organs) Vas Deferens
- tube where sperm passes and leave the epididymus
what part of the internal male organs is cut in a vasectomy?
the Vas Deferens
(internal male organs) Seminal vesicles
nourishes and activates sperm and produces 60% of seminal fluid
(internal male organs) Prostate
- Protects sperm from acidity
- makes sperm white
- alkalinity protects sperm
(internal male organs) Cowpers Gland (aka Bulbourethral)
“pre-cum”
what is “castration”
surgical removal of the testes
what was “Eunuchs”
this was the traditional “gender” beyond the gender binary and it described someone who had their testes removed
what were some “contemporary reasons for castration?”
- prevented puberty
- ppl charged with sexual crimes would volunteer to get castrated to lower their sentence
- thought that cutting off genitals was seen as a sacrifice to their gods
what is “hemi-castration”
this was the myth where people believed that cutting off one testicle would prevent twins from being born
what are some modern day reasons for castration?
- testicular cancer
- transgender people
what are “Modern Day Eunuchs”
men who choose to castrate themselves without a medical reason for doing so
what are some reasons Modern Day Eunuchs castrate themselves?
- gives them a sense of freedom
- gives them a feeling of calm
- takes away any sexual urges
- men report being happier after their decision
Benefits to PC muscles?
- longer, stronger orgasms
- decreased urinary incontinence (peeing when laughing)
- helps during childbirth
- important for multiple orgasms
- increases vaginal lubrication
- stimulation for a partner
how can you isolate your PC muscles?
stop the flow of urine in midstream
The Breasts
- contains 15-20 clusters of mammary glands (each with seperate opening to the nipple)
- fatty and fibrous tissue which surrounds the clusters of glands
The Nipple
- milk duct opens
- has lots of nerve endings and is very sensitive to sexual stimulation
The Areola
- area surrounding the nipple
what are some reasons for breast reduction?
- breast cancer
- trans surgery
- relieve back pain
