Ch 4 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What are examples of human activities?

A
  • agriculture
  • logging
  • Fisheries
    -industry and fossil fuel use
  • urbanization and road construction
  • international trade
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2
Q

What are major threats to biodiversity?

A
  • major threats to biodiversity are a result of human activities.
  • habitat loss
    -habitat fragmentation
  • habitat degradation
  • climate change
  • invasive species disease
  • overexploitation
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3
Q

What are examples of loss of biodiversity?

A

-extinction of species and populations
- degradation of ecosystems
- erosion of genetic diversity and evolutionary potential.
- loss of ecosystem services
- erosion of support systems for human societies.

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4
Q

What are the three ways that humans dominate the global ecosystem?

A
  1. Land surface
  2. Nitrogen cycle
  3. Atmospheric Carbon cycle
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5
Q

What is land surface?

A

Human land use, mainly for agriculture and our need for resources, especially from forestry, have transformed as much as half of the earth’s ice free land surface.

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6
Q

What is nitrogen cycle?

A

Each year human activities, such as cultivating nitrogen fixing crops, using nitrogen fertilizers, and burning fossil fuels, release more nitrogen into terrestrial systems than do natural biological and physical processes.

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7
Q

What is atmospheric carbon cycle?

A

By the middle of this century,
Human use of fossil fuels and cutting down of forests will result in doubling of the level of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere.

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8
Q

Root of major threats to biodiversity!

A

Expanding human population!
- the greatest destruction of biological communities has occurred over the last 150 years.
- during their time, human population has increased from 1 billion in 1850 to 7 billion now.

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9
Q

How much of population is in U.S?

A

5% of world’s population.

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10
Q

How much resources does U.S use?

A

About 25% of global resources.

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11
Q

How much paper does average U.S citizen use?

A

Average U.S citizen uses 23 times more energy and 79 times more paper products than average Indian citizen.

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12
Q

Impact of human population can be measured in equation?

A

I = P x A x T
P = number of people
A = average income
T = level of technology

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13
Q

What is globalization?

A

Interconnectedness of resources and labor markets.

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14
Q

What is ecological footprint?

A

Influence a group of people has on both surrounding environment and location around globe.

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15
Q

What is main threat to biodiversity?

A

Habitat destruction.
- in U.S, only 42% vegetation remains.
- certain biological communities have declined by 98% or more.

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16
Q

Habitat destruction in tropical rain forest?

A

-7% of earth’s land
- 50% of earth’s species
-1/3 being destroyed
- remaining is being lost at 1% per year.

17
Q

Habitat loss and degradation are greatest threats, followed by:

A

Overexploitation
Intrinsic factors

18
Q

Tropical forest are cut down due to:

A

Shifting cultivations of slash and burn
Oil Palm plantations

19
Q

Habitat Destruction

A

During the 80’s, Costar Rica and other Latin American countries had some of the world’s high rates of deforestation.

20
Q

Hamburger connection

A

Conversion of rain forests in cattle ranches.

21
Q

Habitat Destruction in Tropical Deciduous Forest

A
  • easier than rain forest to clean and burn
    -human population density 5x greater than rain forest
  • pacific coast of Central America has less than 2% of its original forest
    -less than 3% remains in Madagascar home of lemurs.