Ch. 4 pt 2 Flashcards
slides 11-15
about ______% of the genome is functional
10%
genome alterations ate caused by…
failures of normal mechanisms for copying/maintaining DNA, as well as by transposable DNA elements
errors can occur in…
DNA replication, DNA recombination, or DNA repair
Mobile DNA elements are an important source of…
genomic change
mobile DNA elements are
DNA sequences that can change their position within the genome or jump across different genomes
transposon definition
segment of DNA that can move from one chromosomal site to another
parasitic DNA sequences; jumping genes
transposition events have affected genomes. they can:
disrupt gene function
alter gene regulation
create novel genes through DNA fusions
DNA derived from mobile elements comprise…
nearly half of the human genome
the genome sequences of to species differ in…
proportion to the length of time since they have separately evolved
______________ constructed form a comparison of DNA sequences trace the relationship of all organisms
phylogenetic trees
gene duplication occurs at ____ rates in all evolutionary lineages
high
many duplication events are likely to be followed by…
loss of function mutations in one or the other gene
pseudogenes
nucleotide sequence of DNA that has accumulated multiple mutations that have rendered an ancestral gene inactive or nonfunctional
the human genome is through to contain more ___ than ____.
more pseudogenes than genes
novel genes may be created by
stringent together short duplicated segments of DNA which can be recognized by the presence of repeating similar protein domains
