Ch. 4: Fluid Therapy Flashcards
What are the different reasons for IV fluids to be used for treatment?
Replacing volume deficits, maintaining appropriate hydration, providing nutrition, providing cardiovascular support during anesthesia, and facilitating administration of IV medications
What percentage of an animal’s body weight is water?
60%
70-80% in pediatric patients
What is the largest compartment of body water?
Intracellular space; represents 40% of body weight
20% of water body weight is carried where?
Extracellular space
What is the extracellular space composed of?
Interstitial space and intravascular space
Where is transcellular fluid found?
Synovial joints, pleural space, aqueous humor, and cerebral spinal fluid; also considered part of the extracellular space
How do healthy animals maintain body water?
Through drinking and digestion of food
What are the different ways that body water are lost?
Breathing, urinating, sweating, and defecating
What are the different routes fluid can be delivered?
Oral, Subcutaneous, Intravenous, and Intraosseous
Hemodynamic definition
Relating to the flow of blood within the organs and tissues of the body
Dehydration definition
Loss of body water from the extravascular compartment
Hypovolemia definition
Loss of circulating volume from the intravascular compartment
Dehydration leads to hypovolemia if left untreated.
True or False?
True
What is an example that can cause hypovolemia?
Hemorrhage (ex. Trauma)
Is a patient considered hydrated if they are hypovolemic?
Yes; the other compartments have not lost a significant volume of water
Would the heart rate increase or decrease in relation to a decreased intravascular volume?
Increase
What is the calculation for determining fluid volume to replace hydration deficit?
Volume to deliver (mL) = Dehydration (decimal) x kg x 1,000/ Lb x 500
What is the amount for maintenance fluids?
40-60mL/kg/day
Expediting replacement of dehydration deficits is not recommended with what patient conditions?
Cardiac or respiratory disease
What is included in a minimum database for a dehydrated emergency patient?
PCV, TSs, BUN, and USG
How would dehydration affect a patients PCV and TSs?
Dehydration can cause an increase in both
Hemorrhage would cause a decrease
How would dehydration affect a patients BUN?
Loss of body water causes the concentration of urea in circulating blood to increase in dehydrated patients
How would dehydration affect a patients USG?
May be increased
