Ch. 4 Definitions Flashcards
Death rate
Number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people
Natural Increase
The growth rate of a difference between birthrate and death rate
Demographic Transition
The model that uses birthrates and death rates to show how populations in countries or regions change over time
Population Pyramid
A diagram that shows the distribution of a population
Population Density
The average number of people living on a square mile or square kilometer of land
Autocracy (Dictatorship)
System of government in which one person rules with unlimited power and authority
Monarchy
A from of autocracy with a hereditary king or queen exercising supreme power
Theocracy
System of government in which the officials are regarded as divinely inspired
Natural Boundary
A fixed limited or extent defined along physical geographic features such as mountains and rivers
Market Economy (capitalism)
An economic system based on free enterprise, in which businesses are privately owned and production and prices are determined by supply and demand
Free Enterprise
A system in which private individuals or groups have the right to own property or businesses and make a profit with limited government inference
Command Economy
A system of resource management in which decisions about production and distribution of goods and services are made by a central authority
More developed country
A country that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less developed nation
Newly industrialized country
A country that has begun transitioning from primarily agricultural to primarily manufacturing and industrial activity
Less developed country
A country that, according to the United Nations, exhibits the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development
Infrastructure
The set of systems that affect how well a place or organization operates, such as telephone or transportation systems, within a country
Metropolitan
Region that includes a central city and its surrounding suburbs
Central Business District (CBD)
A central business district (CBD) is the commercial and business centre of a city. In larger cities, it is often synonymous with the city’s “financial district”
Infant mortality rate
The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths under one year of age occurring among the live births in a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 live births occurring among the population of the given geographical area during the same year.
Per capita income
Per capita income is the mean money income received in the past 12 months computed for every man, woman, and child in a geographic area. It is derived by dividing the total income of all people 15 years old and over in a geographic area by the total population in that area.
Primary Activities
Involve taking or using natural resources that are being gathered or used (ex. Farming, Grazing, Fishing, Forestry, Mining, etc…)
Secondary Activities
Use raw materials to make a tangible product that is new and more valuable than the original raw material (ex. Manufacturing automobiles, Assembling electronic goods, Producing electronic power, Making pottery, etc…)
Tertiary Activities (Services)
Do NOT involve directly acquiring and remaking natural resources, but it DOES provide services to people and businesses (ex. Doctors, Teachers, Lawyers, Bankers, Truck drivers, Store clerks, etc…)
Quarternary Activities
Concerned with the processing, management, and distribution of information (ex. Education, Government, Business, Research, information processing, etc…)
