Ch. 4 - Conformity

Question 1

Groupthink

Answer 1

Way of thiking that occurs in cohesive groups where the members’ need for agreement overrides ability to realistically assess a course of action and its alternatives.

Question 2

Bystander Effect

Answer 2

The finding that the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help.

Question 3

Diffusion of Responsibility

Answer 3

Even if people conclude that the event is a genuine emergency, the awareness of other witnesses diffuses the responsibility felt by any one person.

Question 4

Difference between Bystander Effect & Diffusion of Responsibility

Answer 4

The bystander effect refers to the observation that individuals are less likely to offer help or intervene in an emergency situation when other people are present. In this case, the presence of others creates a diffusion of responsibility, leading individuals to assume that someone else will take action. Diffusion of responsibility means that someone feels less personally responsible for taking action in a group setting compared to when they are alone. In other words, the bystander effect leads to diffusion of responsibility.
I think that more people around makes you less aware of the situation, less likely to think of it as a emergency, leading you to hesitate when you figure out that it’s an emergency when people are around. Diffusion of responsibility is achieved here in seeing how to help the victim.

Question 5

Pluralistic Ignorance

Answer 5

Collective belief in a false norm created by the ambiguous behavior of others.

Question 6

Emotion Work

Answer 6

Acting out an emotion we don’t really feel because we believe it is socially appropriate.

Question 7

Reference Group

Answer 7

Groups that we belong to and identify with, reflect and shape our identities.

Question 8

Social Learning

Answer 8

The process by which we learn by observing.

Question 9

Descriptive Norm

Answer 9

A social norm reflecting our knowledge of what most people do in a given situation/how people actually behave.
Ex). My parents don’t drink alcohol often

Question 10

Injunctive Norm

Answer 10

A social norm that specifies what people should be doing, often through explicit directives.
Ex). My parents think people should only drink on special occasions