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Anatomy & Physiology > Ch. 4- Body Membrane and Skin > Flashcards

Ch. 4- Body Membrane and Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of epithelial membranes?

A

Cutaneous, mucous, serous

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2
Q

Do epithelial membranes only contain epithelial tissue? If not, what other tissue do they contain?

A

No, various connective tissues

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3
Q

Cutaneous membranes are also known as_____ or______.

A

Skin or integument

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4
Q

What is the main function of cutaneous membranes?

A

Protects from mechanical, chemical, bacterial, UV radiation, thermal damage, and desiccation; aids body in temperature control; aids in excretion of waste; synthesizes vitamin D

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5
Q

What does desiccation mean?

A

Drying out

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6
Q

What is keratin? Is it a protein, carbohydrate or nucleic acid?

A

A tough, fibrous protein

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7
Q

What does it mean for a tissue to be “keratinized?”

A

The cells contain mostly keratin

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8
Q

What are the two main layers of the cutaneous membrane?

A

Epidermis and dermis

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9
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis? List them superficial to deep.

A

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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10
Q

Where do cells undergo mitosis in the epidermis?

A

Stratum basale

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11
Q

Where are melanocytes located?

A

Stratum basale

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12
Q

What is the function of melanocytes?

A

To produce melanin, a pigment that protects from UV radiation

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13
Q

What is the function of keratinocytes?

A

To produce keratin, a protein found in the hair, nails, and epidermis

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14
Q

Which layer contains layers and layers of dead, keratinized cells?

A

Stratum corneum

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15
Q

What are the two layers of dermis?

A

Papillary and reticular

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16
Q

In which layer are the “dermal papillae?”

A

Papillary

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17
Q

In which layer are pacinian (sep pressure) receptors?

A

Reticular

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18
Q

In which layer are capillary loops, pain receptors, and Meissner’s (light touch) receptors?

A

Papillary

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19
Q

In which layer are the blood vessels and glands?

A

Reticular

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20
Q

What are the functions of mucous membranes?

A

Secrete protective mucous

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21
Q

Where are mucous membranes found in the body?

A

Lining the digestive and respiratory tracts and body cavities open to the exterior

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22
Q

What does parietal mean? Visceral?

A

Parietal membranes line the cavity wall; visceral membranes line the organ

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23
Q

Where is pericardium? Pleura? Peritoneum?

A

Heart, lungs, intestines

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24
Q

What would “visceral pleura” line?

A

The lungs

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25
Q

What would “parietal peritoneum” line?

A

The cavity wall around the intestines

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26
Q

What would “visceral pericardium” line?

A

The heart organ

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27
Q

What is the purpose of serous fluid?

A

To reduce friction around organs

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28
Q

What is another name for connective tissue (C.T.) membranes?

A

Synovial

29
Q

Where do you find C.T. membranes?

A

Joints

30
Q

What is the function of C.T. membranes?

A

Provide a smooth surface and secrete a lubricating fluid; provide suction during activity

31
Q

Skin protects deeper tissues from what three things?

A

Mechanical/ chemical/ bacterial/ thermal damage, UV radiation, desiccation

32
Q

How might skin regulate temperature in the body?

A

By activating sweat glands and controlling diameter of skin capillary beds

33
Q

What vitamin is synthesized in the skin?

A

Vitamin D from cholesterol

34
Q

What is the function of melanin?

A

Protect against UV radiation

35
Q

What are the color possibilities of melanin?

A

Yellow to brown to black

36
Q

What could occur if melanocytes underwent controlled cell growth?

A

Melanoma (skin cancer)

37
Q

What other factors affect normal skin color?

A

Hemoglobin and carotene

38
Q

What does cyanosis indicate?

A

Poorly oxygenated blood

39
Q

What are the two types of glands in the skin?

A

Sebaceous and sweat

40
Q

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

A

Produce sebum

41
Q

What is the function of the secretion of sebaceous glands?

A

Keeps skin soft and inhibits bacterial growth

42
Q

Where do sebaceous glands empty into?

A

Usually hair follicles

43
Q

What are the functions of sweat glands?

A

Temperature regulation and waste excretion

44
Q

What are two types of sweat glands and how are they different?

A

Eccrine glands are more numerous and empty sweat into pores, its sweat is mostly water; apocrine glands are found in the axillary and genital areas, are larger, and its sweat contains fatty acids and proteins as well

45
Q

What is sweat composed of?

A

Water, salts, vitamin C, metabolic waste (ammonia, urea, uric acid), and lactic acid

46
Q

From what structure does hair grow?

A

Hair follicle

47
Q

What are the functions of hair?

A

Protection (eyelashes, nose hairs) and insulation

48
Q

What are the names of the three layers of hair? list the deep to superficial.

A

Medulla, cortex, cuticle

49
Q

What is the arrestor pill? What does it do?

A

Smooth muscle attached to hair follicles that cause hair to stand on end

50
Q

What is a nail composed of?

A

Keratinized cells

51
Q

What are the four main parts of the nail?

A

Free edge, body, root, eponychium

52
Q

What is another name for “eponychium” of nail?

A

Cuticle

53
Q

What are the life-threatening dangers associated with severe burns?

A

Infection, dehydration, circulatory shock (due to hypovolemia), and electrolyte imbalance (can cause kidney shutdown)

54
Q

When determining extent of burns, how many areas is the human body divided into?

A

11 areas, 9% each

55
Q

What skin layers are affected in first-degree burns______, second-______, third-______, and fourth-degree ______?

A

1st- epidermis, 2nd- epidermis and upper dermis, 3rd- epidermis and full dermis, 4th- epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (can be into muscle and bone layers)

56
Q

When is critical? 1. ______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______

A

25% body has 2nd degree; 10% of body has 3rd degree, 3rd degree burns of face, hands, feet, or genitals; additional complications (such as smoke or chemical inhalation; fractures, or immune deficiencies)

57
Q

What is the name given to harmless abnormal cell masses?

A

Benign

58
Q

What is the name given to harmful abnormal cell masses?

A

Malignant

59
Q

What is meant by “metastasize?”

A

Moves to other parts of body

60
Q

What are the three types of skin cancer mentioned in class?

A

Basal cell carcinoma, squamos cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

61
Q

What are the “ABCDEs” of detecting melanoma? A______ B______ C______ D______ E______

A

Asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter, enlarging or evolving

62
Q

Homeostatic imbalances=_______=______=______

A

Disease, pathologies, illness

63
Q

What causes athletes foot?

A

Fungus

64
Q

What causes boils and carbuncles?

A

Bacterial infection

65
Q

What causes cold sores?

A

Herpes simplex virus

66
Q

What causes contact dermatitis?

A

Allergens, such as poison ivy, detergent

67
Q

What causes impetigo?

A

Bacterial infection (staphylococcus)

68
Q

What causes psoriasis?

A

Unknown cause, triggered by trauma, infection, hormonal changes, and stress

Anatomy & Physiology (1 decks)

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