CH 4-6

Question 1

Socialization

Answer 1

The learning and teaching we do throughout our life.

Question 2

Cooley: The Looking Glass Self

Answer 2

Says that we see ourselves as we think people see us.

Question 3

Goffman’s Presentation of Self

Answer 3

Says that we are trying to present ourselves in a “certain way” in our interactions with others.

Question 4

Impression Management

Answer 4

Trying to manage the way that people see us.

Question 5

Dramaturgical Approach

Answer 5

Says that we are “actors on a stage.” We are putting presentations for people and have a front stage that is public and a back stage that is private.

Question 6

Id

Answer 6

One of the three stages of Freud’s development of personality, The id is the unorganized part of the personality structure that contains a human’s basic, instinctual drives.

Question 7

Ego

Answer 7

One of the three stages of Freud’s development of personality,The ego acts according to the reality principle; i.e. it seeks to please the id’s drive in realistic ways that will benefit in the long term rather than bring grief.[15] At the same time, Freud concedes that as the ego “attempts to mediate between id and reality.

Question 8

Super-Ego

Answer 8

One of the three stages of Freud’s development of personality,Freud developed his concept of the super-ego from an earlier combination of the ego ideal and the “special psychical agency which performs the task of seeing that narcissistic satisfaction from the ego ideal is ensured … what we call our ‘conscience’.”[21] For him “the installation of the super-ego can be described as a successful instance of identification with the parental agency.

Question 9

Resocialization

Answer 9

The process of discarding old behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a life transition.

Question 10

Total institutions

Answer 10

Refer to an institution that regulates all aspects of a person’s life under a single authority.

Question 11

Status

Answer 11

Refers to a social position we occupy relative to others.

Question 12

Ascribed status

Answer 12

A status you were born with.

Question 13

Achieved status

Answer 13

Obtained by a person on their own.

Question 14

Master status

Answer 14

Seems to outweigh the importance of other statuses.

Question 15

roles conflict

Answer 15

At least two different statuses with conflicting roles.

Question 16

Primary group

Answer 16

small groups of people that we have an emotional connection with.

Question 17

Secondary group

Answer 17

A larger social group, less intimate than the primary group.

Question 18

ingroups

Answer 18

People to whom we feel a likeness. We may have a loyalty.

Question 19

Outgroups

Answer 19

People we don’t want to be involved with.

Question 20

Reference group

Answer 20

Groups we reference to make our own decisions.

Question 21

Groupthink

Answer 21

The practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility.

Question 22

Bureaucracy

Answer 22

A component of a formal organizations that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency.

Question 23

mechanical solidarity

Answer 23

Society of light thinkers. Knew many of the people around you.

Question 24

organic solidarity

Answer 24

With industrialization, a society where people depend on each other because we lack the skills to do many things ourselves.

Question 25

Hunting and gathering society

Answer 25

Hunted animals and gathered plants. Small groups of nomadic people. Everyone was seen as equal and worked to a common goal. Tech associated: spear/bow and arrow

Question 26

Horticultural and pastoral society

Answer 26

People realized that they could cultivate their own plants. Tech associated is a hoe and digging stick. People started to have surplus and found settlments.

Question 27

Agarian or Agricultural society

Answer 27

Technology associated was a plow. Barter system diminished and currency began to be used.

Question 28

Industrial society

Answer 28

Tech associated: steam engine, saw the use of artificial time

Question 29

Postindustral society

Answer 29

Tech associated is a microship, Information based society. Also a service based economy.

Question 30

Functions of Deviance

Answer 30

“Deviance affirms cultural values and norms. Any definition of virtue rests on an opposing idea of vice: There can be no good without evil and no justice without crime”.[10]
Deviance defines moral boundaries, people learn right from wrong by defining people as deviant.
A serious form of deviance forces people to come together and react in the same way against it.
Deviance pushes society’s moral boundaries which, in turn leads to social change.

Question 31

Merton’s strain theory

Answer 31

Durkheim (1858–1915) claimed that deviance was in fact a normal and necessary part of social organization.[1] When he studied deviance he stated there are four important functions of deviance.
“Deviance affirms cultural values and norms. Any definition of virtue rests on an opposing idea of vice: There can be no good without evil and no justice without crime”.[10]
Deviance defines moral boundaries, people learn right from wrong by defining people as deviant.
A serious form of deviance forces people to come together and react in the same way against it.
Deviance pushes society’s moral boundaries which, in turn leads to social change.

Question 32

Walter Reckless Theory

Answer 32

states that behavior is caused not by outside stimuli, but by what a person wants most at any given time. According to the control theory, weak containing social systems result in deviant behavior. Deviant behavior occurs when external controls on behavior are weak.

Question 33

Differential Association Theory

Answer 33

proposing that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior.

Question 34

Hirschi’s social bond theory

Answer 34

Attachments, Commitment, Involvement, or Belief

Question 35

Labeling Theory

Answer 35

Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms.

Question 36

Tertiary Deviance

Answer 36

When we engage in a criminally deviant act and pretend like i wasn’t deviant.

Question 37

Why do we punish criminals?

Answer 37

Deterence, rehabilitation, retribution, and incapacitation

Question 38

Recidivism

Answer 38

Rearrest rate/