Ch 4-6

Question 1

How does light stimuli reach us?

Answer 1

Light will reflect light waves in a particular environment.

Question 2

Inversion of light

Answer 2

Cornea–>pupil–>translens–>retina

Question 3

Rods

Answer 3

Working in dim light, brightness, darkness.

Question 4

Cones

Answer 4

Color, key features, most involved.

Question 5

Mammalian visual system

Answer 5

From retina to the brain.

Question 6

The auditory cortex

Answer 6

The cortex responds to specific frequencies.
Ex)
Sound,location via loudness, arrival time, and phase.

Question 7

Vestibular system

Answer 7

Direction, tilt, and acceleration of the head. Also sensation of the body and movement.

Question 8

Hair cells are stimulated by

Answer 8

Otoliths in semicircular canal fluids.

Question 9

Phantom limb syndrome

Answer 9

Reorganized sensory representation neurons reorganize and inner ate other parts of the body after loss of a limb.

Question 10

Taste buds are in the

Answer 10

Papillae

Question 11

There are five taste receptors

Answer 11

Adaptation, temporal coding, lonotropic& meabortropic effects, and taste sensitivity.

Question 12

Taste sensitivity

Answer 12

Depends on the number of fungiform papillae.

Question 13

Olfaction used for

Answer 13

Detecting, flavor, and social messaging.

Question 14

Research designs for development

Answer 14

Longitudinal and cross sectional studies

Question 15

Cohort effects

Answer 15

Active in one group and non active in another.

Question 16

The fetus&newborn

Answer 16

Zygote–>embryo–>fetus

Question 17

Trichromatic theory

Answer 17

Wavelength specific cones

Question 18

Opponent process theory

Answer 18

After images and exciationy inhibition patterns.

Question 19

Retinex theory

Answer 19

Retinal stimulation aggreated.

Question 20

Classical (Pavlovian) conditioning

Answer 20

Language unconditioned stimulus and response conditioned stimulus and response.

Question 21

Operant Conditioning

Answer 21

Thorndikes puzzle box

Question 22

Positive

Answer 22

Adding something to the environment.

Question 23

Negative

Answer 23

Something you take from the environment to make them do it again.

Question 24

Primary

Answer 24

Things that don’t require second to nature (survival)

Question 25

Secondary

Answer 25

Learn rewards system

Question 26

Shaping and chaining

Answer 26

Putting things together for a specific outcome.

Question 27

Shaping

Answer 27

Outgoing reinforcement pattern.

Question 28

Continuous schedule of reinforcement

Answer 28

Fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, variable interval.

Question 29

Ratio

Answer 29

Number of correct actions

Question 30

Interval

Answer 30

Situations where the organism does it in an amount of time.

Question 31

Conditioned taste adversion

Answer 31

Developing resistance

Question 32

Antabuse

Answer 32

Mixing chemicals form alcohol/drugs.

Question 33

Learning through observation (bandura)

Answer 33

Modeling imitation, vicarious reinforcement and punishment, self efficacy and social learning, self monitoring, self reinforcement and self punishment.

Question 34

Sensation vs perception

Answer 34

Law of specific nerve energies