Ch 4&6

Question 0

What are the main parts of the central nervous system

Answer 0

Brain and spinal cord

Question 1

What is the job of the central nervous system?

Answer 1

Receives, processes, interprets, and stores incoming sensory information

Question 2

What are spinal reflexes?

Answer 2

Automatic behaviors produced by the spinal cord without brain involvement

Question 3

What is the job of the peripheral nervous systm

Answer 3

Handles the central nervous system’s input and output

Question 4

What part of the nervous system is responsible for the acceleration of certain processes in the body

Answer 4

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 5

What part of the nervous system is responsible for regulating functions of blood vessels, glands, and internal organs without conscious efforts

Answer 5

Autonomic nervous system

Question 6

What part of the nervous system focuses on voluntary actions?

Answer 6

Somatic nervous system

Question 7

What is glia

Answer 7

Cells that support, nurture, and insulate neurons, remove debris when neurons die, and modify neuronal functioning

Question 8

Which part of the neuron is responsible for keeping the neuron alive and determining when the neuron is ready to fire messages

Answer 8

Cell body

Question 9

Which part of the neuron receives information from other neurons, transmitting it toward the cell body

Answer 9

Dendrites

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter deals with sleep, appetite, sensory perception, temperature regulation, pain, suppression, and mood

Answer 10

Serotonin

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter affects voluntary movement, learning, memory, and emotion?

Answer 11

Dopamine

Question 12

What are endorphins

Answer 12

Chemical substances in the nervous system that are similar in structure and action to opiates; involved in pain reduction, pleasure, and memory

Question 13

What are the two main hormones that are of most interest and importance to psychology because of their involvement in sleep cycles and promotion of attachment and trust

Answer 13

Melatonin and oxytocin

Question 14

What are the basic characteristics of the adrenal hormones

Answer 14

Secreted by the adrenal glands and involved in emotion and stress

Question 15

What part of the brain connects the two hemispheres of the brain and is involved in communication between the two hemispheres

Answer 15

Corpus callosum

Question 16

The detection of physical energy emitted or reflected by physical objects

Answer 16

Sensation

Question 17

The process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information

Answer 17

Perception

Question 18

The principle that different sensory modalities exist because signals received by the sense organs stimulate different nerve pathways leading to different areas of the brain

Answer 18

Doctrine of Specific Nerve energies

Question 19

The smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer

Answer 19

Absolute threshold

Question 20

A psychophysical theory that divided the detection of a sensory signal into a sensory process and a decision process

Answer 20

Signal Detection Theory

Question 21

The reduction or disappearance of sensory responsiveness that occurs when stimulation is unchanging or repetitious

Answer 21

Sensory adaptation

Question 22

The focusing of attention on selected aspects of the environment and the blocking out of others

Answer 22

Selective attention

Question 23

What are the visual characteristics

Answer 23

Hue, brightness, and saturation

Question 24

Retina

Answer 24

Neural tissue lining the back of the eyeball’s interior which contains the receptors for vision

Question 25

Iris

Answer 25

Muscles that control the amount of light that gets into the eye

Question 26

Cornea

Answer 26

Front part of the eye; protects the eye and bends light rays toward lens

Question 27

Lens

Answer 27

Located behind the cornea; focuses light by changing curvature

Question 28

Pupil

Answer 28

Round opening surrounded by iris; widens and dilates to let light in

Question 29

Which part of the eye contains the visual receptors known as rods and cones

Answer 29

Retina

Question 30

In what part of the eye is the sharpest vision located?

Answer 30

Center of retina (fovea)

Question 31

Principles that describe the brain’s organization of sensory information into meaningful units and patterns

Answer 31

Gestalt Principles

Question 32

A theory of color perception that assumes that the visual system treats pairs of colors as opposing or antagonistic

Answer 32

Opponent Processing Theory

Question 33

What are the auditory characteristics

Answer 33

Loudness, pitch, and timbre

Question 34

What are the characteristics of our sense of taste?

Answer 34

Salty, sour, sweet, and bitter

Question 35

What are the characteristics of our sense of touch?

Answer 35

Pressure, warmth, cold, and pain

Question 36

The theory that the experience of pain depends in part on whether pain impulses get past a neurological “gate” in the spinal cord and thus reach the brain

Answer 36

Gate-Control Theory

Question 37

What are the psychological factors that influence perception?

Answer 37

Needs, beliefs, emotions, and expectations