Ch. 4 Flashcards
The pulse delays have a ______ input from the pulser but _____ output(s) to the transducer element.
a. slow; faster
b. controlled; uncontrolled
c. single; multiple
d. single; double the
c. single; multiple
A two-dimensional image plane is usually divided like a checkerboard in a ______ or similar matrix.
a. 1540 x 7700
b. 256 x 525
c. 1024 x 786
d. 265 x 521
c. 1024 x 786
The primary beam is much narrower, improving lateral resolution with ____.
a. harmonic imaging
b. pixel interpolation
c. real-time imaging
d. spatial compounding
a. harmonic imaging
The display form that presents the depth in the vertical axis and amplitude of the echo in the horizontal axis is _____.
a. A (amplitude) mode
b. B (brightness) mode
c. C (color) mode
d. M (motion) mode
a. A (amplitude) mode
The pulse repetition frequency (PRF) in real time imaging typically ranges from _____.
a. 2 - 20 MHz
b. 4 - 15 MHz
c. 5 - 50 MHz
d. 2 - 15 MHz
b. 4 - 15 MHz
When the fundamental frequency is filtered out, which of the following occurs?
a. volume imaging
b. pixel interpolation
c. harmonic frequencies
d. spatial compounding
c. harmonic frequencies
Panoramic imaging expands the image ____.
a. quality, allowing for a much smoother image
b. by using a special panoramic transducer
c. resolution
d. beyond the normal limits of a transducers field of view
d. beyond the normal limit of a transducers field of view
A flat panel display presents image information in the form of ______.
a. vertical lines read out from left to right
b. horizontal lines read out from left to right
c. vertical lines read out from right to left
d. horizontal lines read out from right to left
b. horizontal lines read out from left to right
Analog-to-digital converters convert the _____ voltage representing echoes to ____ for digital signal processing and storage.
a. analog; numbers
b. analog; bits
c. digital; analog
d. ultrasound; numbers
a. analog; numbers
Gain is the ratio of _____.
a. amplifier input to output voltage power
b. ampltifier output to input electric power
c. voltage ratio squared or voltage ratio to the second power
d. transmission output to amplifier input
b. amplifier output to input electric power
Utilizing additional focal points causes the temporal resolution to _____.
a. double
b. improve
c. degrade
d. remain unchanged
c. degrade
The _____ is where the action originates.
a. signal processor
b. code excitation
c. beam former
d. transmit/receive (T/R) switch
c. beam former
Golay codes _____.
a. are coding schemes using “gaps” or missing pulses
b. use pairs of transmitted pulses with the second being a bipolar sequence
c. are coding schemes that stack up the individual pulses
d. reduce speckle, which improves contrast resolution
b. use pairs of transmitted pulses with the second being a bipolar sequence
When gain is too high, which of the following occurs? A. Contrast resolution is improved B. Weak echoes are not imaged C. Temporal resolution is reduced D. Differences in echo strength are lost
D. Differences in echo strength are lost
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ determines the brightness of the echoes on the display A. Analog-to-digital converter B. Digitizer C. Digital-to-analog converter D. Cathode ray tube
C. Digital-to-analog converter
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ determines how much amplification is accomplished in the amplifier A. TGC control B. Postprocessing control C. Gain control D. Persistence control
C. Gain control
In which of the following code excitation techniques do ensembles of pulses drive the transducer to generate a single scanline? Time game compensation make up for: A. Absorption B. Attenuation C. Reverberation D. Refraction
B. Attenuation
The number of voltage pulses sent to the transducer each second is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a. Duty factor B. Pulse duration C. Pulse repetition. D. Pulse repetition frequency
D. Pulse repetition frequency
Pixel interpolation, persistence, and panoramic imaging are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Preprocessing B. Spatial compounding C. Postprocessing D. Signal processors
A. Preprocessing
The averaging of sequential frames together to provide a smoother image appearance is called ____.
a. persistence
b. multi-focus
c. pixel interpolation
d. spatial compunding
a. persistence
Which resolution depends on penetration depth, lines per frame, and the number of focuses?
a. axial
b. temporal
c. contrast
d. detail
b. temporal
An analog-to-digital converter is also called a _____.
a. summer
b. digitizer
c. compression
d. signal processor
b. digitizer
Retention of previous frames while new echo information is added in the same scanning plane is called _____.
a. harmonic imaging
b. panoramic imaging
c. pixel interpolation
d. spatial compounding
b. panoramic imaging
The frequency of the _____ determines the frequency of the resulting ultrasound pulse.
a. voltage pulse
b. bandwidth
c. beam former
d. operating frequency
a. voltage pulse
Storage of the last several frames acquired before freezing is called ____.
a. freeze
b. triplex
c. cine loop
d. picture archiving
c. cine loop
What is the maximum penetration depth with a frame rate of 32 frames per second and a line density of 100 lines per frame and using only one focus?
a. 24 mm
b. 12 cm
c. 24 cm
d. 20 cm
c. 24 cm
The _____ drive(s) the transducer forming the beam that sweeps through the tissue to be imaged.
a. coded excitation
b. beam profiler
c. channels
d. pulser
d. pulser
Filtering of the sound beam is used to eliminate _______.
a. side lobe artifacts
b. secondary frequencies
c. the fundamental frequency
d. frequencies outside of the bandwidth
d. frequencies outside of the bandwidth
Brightness mode is also called ____.
a. B-color
b. gray-scale
c. elastography
d. volume imaging
b. gray-scale
Averaging sequential frames improves ______.
a. frame rate
b. dynamic range
c. temporal resolution
d. penetration depth
b. dynamic range
Parallel processing is a process technique that increases:
a. detail resolution
b. frame rates
c. penetration depth
d. contrast resolution
b. frame rates
PACS stands for _____.
a. Picture Archiving for Computer System
b. Picture and Communication System
c. Picture Archiving and Communications System
d. Pictures Allocated for Communication Storage
c. Picture Archiving and Communications System
Increasing the frame rate improves _____.
a. axial resolution
b. detail resolution
c. penetration depth
d. temporal resolution
d. temporal resolution
Displays have dynamic ranges up to _____ dB.
a. 20
b. 50
c. 100
d. 30
d. 30
______ determines how echo data stored in memory appear on the display.
a. preprocessing
b. postprocessing
d. dynamic range
d. color
b. postprocessing
Which system control equalizes amplitudes by different reflector depths?
a. persistence
b. compression
c. overall gain
d. time gain compensation
d. time gain compensation
How many bits does it take to make a byte?
a. 4
b. 8
c. 10
d. 15
b. 8
The ability of a gray-scale display to distinguish between echoes of slightly different intensities is called _____ resolution.
a. contrast
b. axial
c. spatial
d. temporal
a. contrast
Volume imaging is accomplished by ______.
a. acquiring many parallel two-dimensional scans
b. scanning from different angles
c. spatial compounding
d. expanding beyond the normal limits of the transducer
a. acquiring many parallel two-dimensional scans
The ratio of the largest to the smallest amplitude that a system can handle is called ____.
a. compression
b. dynamic range
c. demodulation
d. signal processing
b. dynamic range
The _____ direct(s) the driving voltages from the pulser to the transducer during transmission and directs returning echo voltages to aplifiers during reception
a. transmit/receive (T/R) switch
b. channels
c. beam former
d. signal processor
a. transmit/receive (T/R) switch
Which of the following techniques is considered the imaging version of palpation?
a. elastography
b. volume imaging
c. pixel interpolation
d. panoramic imaging
a. elastography
Which of the following digitally filters, detects, and compresses echo data?
a. beam former
b. summer
c. signal processor
d. digitzier
c. signal processor
To avoid echo misplacement ______.
a. penetration depth is increased
b. multiple focal zones should be utilized
c. a matching layer is added to the transducer element
d. all echoes must be received before another pulse is emitted
d. all echoes must be received before another pulse is emitted
Contrast resolution depends on _____ of bits per pixel.
a. size
b. number
c. strength
d. configuration
b. number
Which three-dimensional display appears similar to a radiograph?
a. pulse inversion
b. surface rendering
c. transparent views
d. panoramic images
c. transparent views
The ____ is the number of sonographic images entered into memory per second.
a. cine loop
b. frame rate
c. image refresh rate
d. pulse repetition frequency
b. frame rate
Which system component produces the electrical voltages that drive the transducer?
a. pulser
b. summer
c. digitizer
d. piezoelectric element
a. pulser
Normally the number of channels does not exceed the number of ____.
a. cycles per second
b. elements in the transducer
c. ultrasound pulses
d. pulse delays
b. elements in the transducer
