Ch 4&5 Exam Review Flashcards
1921
Heart disease was the first leading cause of death and has remained since
Case surveillance
The foundation of public health practice aimed at controlling infectious diseases in human populations. Required to understand the spread and select appropriate measures to control outbreaks
NNDSS
The national notifiable disease surveillance system
NNDSS job
Collects data from state and local authorities about selected notifiable infectious diseases
Emerging infections
Those that have increased recently or are threatening to increase in the near future
Emerging infections examples
Bourbon virus (Kansas), chikungunya (Florida), dengue (South Florida and Texas)
Infectivity
The probability that infectious organism will infect an individual
Virulence
Measured by the case fatality rate which is the proportion of individuals who die from the disease
(number of deaths/number infected)
Host susceptibility
The ability of an individual who has been exposed to a disease organism to resist infection or limit disease because of their biological make up
Things that alter and influence susceptibility
Alter: age stress, pregnancy, nutritional status in underlying diseases
Influence: immunity that develops following disease exposure or vaccination
Endemic diseases
Occurs with predictable regularity
G
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What is the first step to investigate an infectious disease outbreak?
Verify diagnosis of outbreak
Staphylococcal food poisoning
Caused by the bacterium staphylococcus aureus. Has onset of 1 to 6 hours
Pandemic influenza
A global public health emergency, rare but reoccurring global outbreak of a new influenza A virus
WHO influenza surveillance network
Serves as a global alert mechanism for the emergence of influenza viruses with pandemic potential
Infectious disease
Caused by microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Can be transmitted from person to person or from a common source.
Epidemic
Occurrence of a health problem in a community or geographic region, clearly in excess of normal expectancy. Often used to describe infectious disease outbreaks, but can be also applied to non-infectious problems like obesity.
Endemic
The habitual or usual presence of a health problem with a community or geographic region
Pandemic
Worldwide epidemic
Infectious disease outbreak
An epidemic that is an occurrence of disease in a community or geographic region that is in excess of normal
Person person transmission
The spread of an infectious disease from an infected host, individual or group to another individual or group through direct or indirect contact
Common source outbreak
In infectious disease pattern, where cases of disease arise from a single, shared, or common source
Foodborne disease
infectious disease transmitted through the ingestion of food contaminated with a microorganism or its products, chemical toxins or toxic substances. Presented naturally in certain foods.
Examples of foodborn disease
Trichinosis, brucellosis, salmonellosis
Foodborne disease outbreak
The occurrence of two or more cases of similar illness, resulting from the ingestion of a common food
NORS
National outbreak reporting system
NORS job
A mechanism under the CDC by which states and local health agencies report food for outbreak data easily online.
NORS collects data on:
foodborne illness outbreaks, waterborne disease outbreaks, animal contact disease outbreaks, environmental contamination outbreaks and other enteric illness outbreaks
Vaccine
A product that produces immunity from a disease and can be administered through needle injection, by mouth, or by aerosol
Vaccination
The injection of a dead or weakened microorganism that produces immunity against that organism
Body mass index (BMI)
Index of weight-to-height that is calculated as the weight of an individual in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters (kg/m2)
Overweight
Abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health
Overweight defined in children
Having a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex
Prevalence
Existing cases of disease or disability, including both new cases and existing cases within a specified time period or at a point in time.
Incidence
The number of new cases of disease or injury that develop in a population at risk during a specified time period.
