Ch. 4 14 words Flashcards
What is osmosis?
It is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions with lower density.
What is passive transport?
It is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell.
What is active transport?
The movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy.
What is endocytosis.
The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell.
What is exocytosis?
The process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane.
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food.
What is cellular respiration?
The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.
What is fermentation?
The breakdown of food without the use of oxygen.
What is a cell cycle?
It is the life cycle of the cell.
What is a chromosome?
In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA.
What is homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure.
What is mitosis?
In eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei,each of which has the same number of chromosomes.
What is cytokinesis?
The division of the cytoplasm of a cell.
