Ch 4 Flashcards
Habituate
we get used to the sound in the background
EXAMPLE : the sound that a fan makes, we habituate to that specific sound and just forget about it with time
Prefrontal cortex
helps us process what is going on in the environment and evaluate it. We always are on and are on the lookout for anything that could happen.
EXAMPLE: driving forgetting about it but trust me ur brain will always be aware of what is going on, if a car just randomly appears in front we know what to do, we won’t just freeze.
Patterns
our brain loves patterns, we conclude shapes in the clouds, and we see the virgin mary in our toast.
300+ neurons in the neocortex are just dedicated to patterns.
—– these are the ones who make us have that intuition feeling
EXAMPLE: trauma surgeons are used to the patterns and start to know what patterns do what
Auditory attention
we habituate to stimuli but then we hear that specific word and were like what???!
EXAMPLE: blah blah blah VACATION blah blah HOMEWORK
Cocktail party effect
how we are able to hear our name from just talking that you are not even listening to
Cherry dichotic listening test (didn’t explain cocktail party effect)
Can we block stimuli?
we could block stimuli
unattended speech is not analyzed to the semantic level( not analyzed for meaning), it is analyzed to physical characteristics only ( female, tone)
exception our name, selective hearing
Filter theory
the cognitive filter stops the processing of most sensory information (stimuli)
very judgy - not important
constant evaluation of what is really worth our attention
EXAMPLE : habituation
Selective Attention
neurotic activity, attention network
the prefrontal cortex, temporal love, parietal lobe
Broadbent’s filter model
( presents how we are able to explain to one message primarily )
early selection
sensory memory - large capacity, highly limited so we have to filter early
get messages and then everything filters through sensory and then gets filtered (physical characteristics rather than semantic )to the attentive message and gets forward to the detector.
capacity to process all information is so limited that the filter has to happen early.
Detector - process all information for all high-level characteristics ( meaning ) then if it’s valuable it will go to short term
relies on physical characteristics
EXAMPLE: Club, messages are people, the sensory is the club, so the sensory is letting everyone in however just bc you are in doesn’t mean ur VIP and so the filter is the VIP room
Treisman’s attenuation model
intermediate selection-
Maybe a lot of things do go in but we can turn down or up the volume. We attenuate( or turn down ) less important stimuli rather than just ignoring it.
We analyze for semantic early on. The attended message goes in full speed or like a trailer into the dictionary unit while the unattended just goes by like a motorcycle just small. Dictionary Unit- helps us identify common messages. uncommon words = high thresholds ( we don’t know what they could mean so were paying more attention) Rutabaga
common = low threshold , our name ( we know what they mean)
Mackay
late selection model
This model suggests that sometimes the things that you may not even be aware we are processing can influence us. Suggest that all information is processed to the semantic ( meaning ) level
Bottom-up eye movement
we attend to thing because they are shine and colorful
JUST CHILLING
Stimulus salience
specific area that stands out and gets our attention
color and motion are highly salient
Top-down eye movement
we are attracted to whatever our eyes see, defined by the task we are performing
sequence of action, motor of action
NEW ENVIRONMENT, PART OF OUR ROUTINE
cognitive dissonance
when ur actions do not match our believes, two conflicting thoughts
PINEAPPLE ON PIZZA
Stroop Test
irrelevant stimuli does not have to be that powerful to distract us and delays reaction time
automaticity theory
stimuli that we process easily and quickly.
STIMULI IS CONGRUENT OUR BRAIN LOVES THIS
opposite of automaticity theory
the incongruence of the message, but this is because it makes us put more attention to it
The Simon effect
incompatible action
“ right button when told to press it but it is on the left”
Load theory of attention
high load and low road difference
inattentional blindness
me trying to find my phone but it is right in front of you…….
Foveal spotlight
center of our vision
Attentional spotlight
what you are “meant” to be seeing
Feature Integration Theory
how we combine to form a full picture
preattentive stage
automatic, unaware of process
focused stage
directed attention when the object does not stand out
YELLOW BALL IN POOR OF FALL LEAVES
In public speaking, we need color-coded notes for the bullet points to make sense
Divided attention
we actually switch from one to another we do not give that one thing our 100%
