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CHEM 1201 > CH. 4 > Flashcards

CH. 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the component of the solution that is present in the greatest quantity called

A

solvent

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2
Q

solutions are made of what 2 things

A

solvent, solute

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3
Q

any substance whose aqueous solutions contains ions and increases the conductivity of water is called an

A

eletrolyte

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4
Q

any substance that forms a solution containing no ions is a

A

nonelectrolyte

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5
Q

electrolytes that are present in solution entirely as ions are

A

strong electrolytes

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6
Q

electrolytes that are present party as ions and partly as molecules

A

weak electrolytes

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7
Q

ionic compounds dissociate into ions when they dissolve, making them

A

strong electrolytes

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8
Q

most molecular compounds are

A

nonelectrolytes

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9
Q

reactions in which cations and anions appear to exchange partners are called

A

exchange reactions (metathesis reactions)

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10
Q

___ are proton donors (increase the concentration of H+ in aqueous solns)

A

acids

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11
Q

___ are proton acceptors (increase the concentration of OH- in aqueous solns)

A

bases

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12
Q

acids and bases that are strong electrolytes are called

A

strong acids, strong bases

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13
Q

acids and bases that are weak electrolytes are called

A

weak acids, weak bases

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14
Q

neutralization reactions between acid and metal hydroxide produce what 2 things

A

water, salt

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15
Q

redox reactions between metals and acids as well as those between metals and salts are called

A

displacement reactions

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16
Q

products of displacement reactions is always what 2 things

A

element, salt

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17
Q

list of metals arranged in order of decreasing ease of oxidation

A

activity series

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18
Q

what is the equation for molarity

A

number of moles of solute/liter of solution

19
Q

combining a solution of known concentration with a solution of unknown concentration to determine the unknown concentration or the quality of solute in the unknown

A

titration

20
Q

point of titration in which equivalent quantities of reactants are brought together

A

equivalence point

21
Q

helps stabilize the ions in a solution and prevents cations and anions from recombining

A

solvation

22
Q

all common ionic compounds of the alkali metal ions (group 1A) and of ammonium (NH4+) are

A

soluble

23
Q

what are 7 strong acids

A

HCl, HBr, HI, HClO3, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4

24
Q

what are some groups of strong bases

A

1A, 2A

25
Q

what are some groups of strong bases

A

1A, 2A (metal hydroxides)

26
Q

ionic=

A

strong electrolyte

27
Q

molecular=

A

acid or base?

28
Q

molecular=acid=

A

strong or weak electrolyte?

29
Q

any molecular substance that is not an acid is probably a

A

nonelectrolyte

30
Q

conversion of a metal into a metal compound by a reaction between the metal and some substance in its environment

A

corrosion

31
Q

when a metal corrodes, do they lose or gain electrons

A

lose

32
Q

for an atom in its elemental form, the oxidation number is always

A

0

33
Q

for any monatomic ion, the oxidation number equals the

A

ionic charge

34
Q

nonmetals usually have____ oxidation numbers

A

negative

35
Q

the oxidation number of oxygen is usually

A

-2

36
Q

the oxidation number of hydrogen is usually ___ when bonded to nonmetals and ___ when bonded to metals

A

+1, -1

37
Q

the oxidation number of fluorine is

A

-1

38
Q

metals at the top of the table (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals) are most easily oxidized, they are called

A

active metals

39
Q

metal ad the bottom of the activity series (groups 8B and 1B) are very stable and form compounds less readily, they are called

A

noble metals

40
Q

any metal on the activity series can be ___ by the ions of elements below it

A

oxidized

41
Q

only ___ molecules dissociate

A

ionic

42
Q

equation for mass percentage

A

[mass of solute/(mass of solute+mass of solvent)]x100

43
Q

equation for part per million (ppm)

A

[mass of solute/(mass of solute+mass of solvent)]x10^6

CHEM 1201 (3 decks)

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