CH. 4 Flashcards
what is the component of the solution that is present in the greatest quantity called
solvent
solutions are made of what 2 things
solvent, solute
any substance whose aqueous solutions contains ions and increases the conductivity of water is called an
eletrolyte
any substance that forms a solution containing no ions is a
nonelectrolyte
electrolytes that are present in solution entirely as ions are
strong electrolytes
electrolytes that are present party as ions and partly as molecules
weak electrolytes
ionic compounds dissociate into ions when they dissolve, making them
strong electrolytes
most molecular compounds are
nonelectrolytes
reactions in which cations and anions appear to exchange partners are called
exchange reactions (metathesis reactions)
___ are proton donors (increase the concentration of H+ in aqueous solns)
acids
___ are proton acceptors (increase the concentration of OH- in aqueous solns)
bases
acids and bases that are strong electrolytes are called
strong acids, strong bases
acids and bases that are weak electrolytes are called
weak acids, weak bases
neutralization reactions between acid and metal hydroxide produce what 2 things
water, salt
redox reactions between metals and acids as well as those between metals and salts are called
displacement reactions
products of displacement reactions is always what 2 things
element, salt
list of metals arranged in order of decreasing ease of oxidation
activity series
what is the equation for molarity
number of moles of solute/liter of solution
combining a solution of known concentration with a solution of unknown concentration to determine the unknown concentration or the quality of solute in the unknown
titration
point of titration in which equivalent quantities of reactants are brought together
equivalence point
helps stabilize the ions in a solution and prevents cations and anions from recombining
solvation
all common ionic compounds of the alkali metal ions (group 1A) and of ammonium (NH4+) are
soluble
what are 7 strong acids
HCl, HBr, HI, HClO3, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4
what are some groups of strong bases
1A, 2A
what are some groups of strong bases
1A, 2A (metal hydroxides)
ionic=
strong electrolyte
molecular=
acid or base?
molecular=acid=
strong or weak electrolyte?
any molecular substance that is not an acid is probably a
nonelectrolyte
conversion of a metal into a metal compound by a reaction between the metal and some substance in its environment
corrosion
when a metal corrodes, do they lose or gain electrons
lose
for an atom in its elemental form, the oxidation number is always
0
for any monatomic ion, the oxidation number equals the
ionic charge
nonmetals usually have____ oxidation numbers
negative
the oxidation number of oxygen is usually
-2
the oxidation number of hydrogen is usually ___ when bonded to nonmetals and ___ when bonded to metals
+1, -1
the oxidation number of fluorine is
-1
metals at the top of the table (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals) are most easily oxidized, they are called
active metals
metal ad the bottom of the activity series (groups 8B and 1B) are very stable and form compounds less readily, they are called
noble metals
any metal on the activity series can be ___ by the ions of elements below it
oxidized
only ___ molecules dissociate
ionic
equation for mass percentage
[mass of solute/(mass of solute+mass of solvent)]x100
equation for part per million (ppm)
[mass of solute/(mass of solute+mass of solvent)]x10^6
