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NUR 300 > Ch. 39 > Flashcards

Ch. 39 Flashcards

1
Q

Deconditioning

A

physiological changes due to inactivity

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2
Q

Friction

A

force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement.

  • susceptible to pressure ulcers
  • decrease surface area to reduce friction
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3
Q

Isotonic contraction

A
  • concentric and eccentric muscle actions are necessary for active movement
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4
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Static contraction

- an increase in muscle tension or Muscle work, but nit shortening or active movement of muscle

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5
Q

Antagonistic muscle

A

movement at a joint

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6
Q

Synergistic muscle

A

contract to accomplish same movement

-active movers

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7
Q

Antigravity muscles

A

stabilize joints

- help person maintain upright sitting posture.

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8
Q

Safe patient transfer

A
  • mechanical lifts & lift teams are essential when a patients is unable to assist
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9
Q

When patient is able to assist, remember the following principles:

A
  • the wider the base support, the greater the stability of the nurse.
  • the lower the center of gravity, the greater the stability of the nurse.
  • equilibrium of an object is maintained as long as the line of gravity passes through its base support.
  • facing the direction of the movement prevents twisting of the spine.
  • dividing balanced activity between arms and legs reduces the risk of back injury
  • leverage rolling, pivoting, or turning requires less work then lifting
  • friction reduced between object to be moved and the surface on which it is moved, less force is required to move it.
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10
Q

Proprioception

A

Awareness of the position of the body and its parts

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11
Q

Recumbent positon

A

place him/her in lateral position, removing all positioning supports, all but one pillow.
-provides baseline data concerning patients body

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12
Q

Cardiovascular system (effects of exercise)

A
  • increased CO
  • improved myocardial contraction, stronger muscle
  • decreased resting HR
  • improved venous return
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13
Q

Pulmonary system (Exercise effects)

A
  • increased RR and depth
  • improved alveolar ventilation
    decreased work breathing
  • improved diaphrgamtic excursion
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14
Q

Metabolic system (effects)

A

Increased:

  • BMR
  • use of glucose and fatty acids
  • triglyceride breakdown
  • gastric motility
  • production of body heat
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15
Q

Musculoskeletal System (effects)

A
  • improved muscle tone
  • increased joint mobility
  • improved muscle tolerance to exercise
  • increase muscle mass
  • reduced bone loss
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16
Q

Activity tolerance

A
  • improved tolerance

- decreased fatigue

17
Q

Psychosocial Factors (effects)

A
  • improved tolerance to stress
  • Felling better
  • decrease in illness
18
Q

Aerobic exercises

30 mins, 3-5 days per week

A
  • Walking, running, byciling, aerobics dance, jumping rope and cross country skiing.
19
Q

ROM

A
  • stretching and flexibilty
20
Q

resistance training

A

-increases muscle strength

21
Q

Lift team

A
  • use lift team when planning to move patient.

- team is properly educated in techniques to prevent musculoskeletal injuries

22
Q

Patient handling equipment

adjustable beds, friction reducing slide sheets, etc

A
  • Reduces the caregivers muscular strain during patient handling
23
Q

walker

A
  • takes step, moves walker forward, takes another step.
24
Q

Canes

A
  • have cane be on the stronger side pf the body

- two points of support

25
Q

Crutch gait

A
  • alternately bearing weight from on one or both legs and on crutches
26
Q

Four point gait

A
  • gives stability to the patient but requires weight bearing on both legs
  • each is leg is moved alternately with each opposing crutch so 3 points of support are on the floor at all times
27
Q

Three point gait

stair walking

A
  • all weight on one foot
  • then weight on both crutches then on one leg
  • effected weight does not touch ground
28
Q

Two point gait

A
  • partial weight bearing on each foot

- crutches move at same time as the opposing leg so crutch is similar to arm motion

29
Q

Swing-through gait

A
  • paraplegia individuals who wear weight supporting brace on legs

NUR 300 (2 decks)

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