CH 37: antiviral drugs Flashcards
(30 cards)
how does HIV destroy the immune system
by destroying CD4 T cells – remember the T cell is essential to coordinating the immune response.
HIV leads to ___
AIDS
types of symptoms for HIV
flulike symptoms of fever, chills, sore throat, and malaise,
The therapeutic goals for the pharmacotherapy of HIV infection include the following:
Reduce HIV-related morbidity and prolong survival.
Improve the quality of life.
Restore and preserve immune function.
Suppress plasma HIV viral load to the maximum extent possible.
Prevent HIV transmission.
Antiretroviral therapy does not totally eliminate the virus from the body, so what must happen with treatment
treatment must continue for the lifetime of the HIV-infected patient.
adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs
nausea,
diarrhea,
rash,
lipid abnormalities,
hepatotoxicity, neuropathy, increased risk of cardiovascular events.
factors involved in detering patients from taking their antiretroviral drugs
take meds 3-4 times a day
make patients ill
feel better without taking them
standard pharmacotherapy that includes aggressive treatment with multiple drugs concurrently,
antiretroviral therapy (ART)
the simultaneous use of drugs from several classes reduces probability of:
the HIV becoming resistant to treatment
goal of ART
reduce the plasma HIV RNA to its lowest possible (or
undetectable) level.
action of Zidovudine (anti-viral)
NRTI - Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
interactions of Zidovudine (anti-viral)
St. John’s wort, which may cause a decrease in antiretroviral activity.
therapeutic effects of Zidovudine (anti-viral)
HIV treatment
adverse effects of Zidovudine (anti-viral)
fatigue and generalized weakness,
anorexia,
nausea,
diarrhea.
Headache will occur in the majority of patients who are
taking zidovudine, and more serious CNS effects have been reported
nursing considerations of Zidovudine (anti-viral)
Administer on an empty stomach with a full glass of water.
Avoid administering with fruit juice.
Pregnancy category C.
Strictly comply with dosage schedule
labs for Zidovudine (anti-viral)
o complete blood count [CBC],
o CD4 count,
o HIV viral load,
o culture and sensitivity [C&S] for any concurrent infections,
o liver and kidney function studies,
o lipid levels,
o serum amylase (pancreas), and
o glucose).
adverse effects of HIV meds
nausea,
vomiting,
anorexia,
abdominal cramping,
diarrhea,
fatigue,
drowsiness,
dizziness,
mental changes,
insomnia,
delusions,
fever,
muscle or joint pain,
paresthesias,
hypotension,
syncope,
hyperglycemia.
what to monitor for/ what to tell your HCP with HIV meds
assess SS
evaluate lab findings
assess for adverse effects
immediately report to the healthcare provider fever that exceeds 38.3°C (101°F)
changes in behavior or LOC;
severe diarrhea (dehydration),
jaundice,
decreased urine output or darkened urine,
purplish-red blistering rash on the body or oral mucous membranes,
acute abdominal pain,
increasing mental or behavioral changes or decreased level of consciousness (LOC).
Primarily causes infections of the eye, mouth, and lips (“cold sores”), although it may also cause genital infections
HSV-1
Primarily causes genital infections
HSV-2
Affects multiple body systems in immunosuppressed patients
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Causes shingles and chickenpox
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
Causes infectious mononucleosis and a form of cancer called Burkitt’s lymphoma
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Causes roseola in children and hepatitis or encephalitis in
immunosuppressed patients.
Herpesvirus-type 6
