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PP2 Test 3 > Ch 35 PP > Flashcards

Ch 35 PP Flashcards

1
Q

Prostate is located ____ to the bladder.

superior
inferior

A

inferior

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2
Q

Prostate is located ____ to the seminal vesicles.

inf/ant
inf/pos

A

inf/ant

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3
Q

Prostate is ____ to symphysis pubis.

anterior
posterior

A

posterior

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4
Q

Prostate is _____ to the rectum.

anterior
posterior

A

anterior

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5
Q

Prostate surrounds the _____.

ureters
urethra

A

urethra

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6
Q

BPH

A

Benign Prostate Hypertrophy or Hyperplasia

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7
Q

BPH, Prostate enlarges due to formation of _____ (hyperplasia) and _____ cells enlarging (hypertrophy)

A

nodules, glandular

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8
Q

BPH affects 50% of men over age ____ to some degree.

A

65

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9
Q

BPH, gland start pressing against _____.

A

urethra

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10
Q

BPH signs and symptoms (4):

A
  1. Obstruction of urinary flow
  2. Hesitancy
  3. Dribbling
  4. Decreased force of urinary stream
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11
Q

BPH treatment include (3):

A
  1. surgery
  2. drugs
  3. catheter
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12
Q

There is ___ connection found between BPH to prostate cancer.

A

NO

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13
Q

Prostate cancer is the ____ common malignancy in males in U. S.

least
most

A

most

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14
Q

Prostate Cancer risk factors:

a. increased age
b. African American males
c. BPH
d. a and b
e. all of the above

A

d. a and b

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15
Q

Prostate cancer most common histology:

A

Adenocarcinoma

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16
Q

Elevated levels of ____ is the presentation for prostate cancer.

A

PSA

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17
Q

PAP (prostate acid phosphatase)—may indicate ____.

A

mets

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18
Q

Prostate Cancer Clinical Presentation (6):

A
  1. Decrease urinary stream
  2. Frequency
  3. Difficulty starting urination
  4. Dysuria
  5. Possible hematuria
  6. Advanced prostate cancer tends to spread to bones
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19
Q

Prostate cancer early stage can be _____ til it reaches a significant size

A

asymptomatic

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20
Q

Complete physical and rectal examinations are mandatory for men over age ____.

A

50

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21
Q

A rectal examination is used to palpate the prostate and feel for any ______ or _______.

A

abnormalities, enlargements

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22
Q

The diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma can be obtained only through ______ confirmation.

A

histologic

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23
Q

A ________ is the standard method of diagnosis in the United States.

A

transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy

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24
Q

Elevated PSA

General normal PSA level is ___ng/mL or less

A

4

25
Q

Elevated PSA

PSA level for 70 year old man could still be at low risk with a PSA of ___ ng/mL

A

6.5

26
Q

Radiographic imaging to determine if there is _____.

A

metastasis

27
Q

Diagnostic workup for carcinoma of the prostate
Clinical:
1. ____ and _____ examination
2. ____ examination

A
  1. History, clinical

2. Rectal

28
Q

Diagnostic workup for carcinoma of the prostate
Laboratory:
1. ___ and ___ chemistry
2. Serum ___

A
  1. CBC, blood

2. PSA

29
Q 
Diagnostic workup for carcinoma of the  prostate 
Radiographic imaging  
1. CT scan or MRI of the \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_
2. \_\_\_\_ x-ray examination  
3. \_\_\_\_\_ bone scan  
4. \_\_\_\_\_ ultrasound scan
A
  1. pelvis, abdomen
  2. Chest
  3. Radioisotope
  4. Transrectal
30
Q

Diagnostic workup for carcinoma of the prostate
Biopsy
1. Needle biopsy of prostate ____ (type)

A
  1. transrectal, ultrasound-guided
31
Q

Management/Treatment of Prostate Cancer include ():

A
  1. Observation
  2. Radical prostatectomy or prostatectomy
  3. Radiation (external and/or seed implants)
  4. Hormone therapy (cuts off supply of testosterone) used in combination with radiation therapy, not as a single form of treatment.
  5. Chemotherapy has limited use
32
Q

Management/Treatment of Prostate Cancer include ():

A
  1. Observation
  2. Radical prostatectomy or prostatectomy
  3. Radiation (external and/or seed implants)
  4. Hormone therapy
  5. Chemotherapy
33
Q

____ has limited use to treat prostate cancer.

A

Chemo

34
Q

Prostate Cancer most common mets site is____,

A

bone

35
Q

Acute GI Tract Side Effects of Radiation Treatment (4):

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Abdominal cramping
  3. Rectal discomfort
  4. Occasional rectal bleeding
36
Q

Late GI Tract Side Effects of Radiation Treatment (6):

A
  1. Persistent proctitis
  2. Rectal bleeding
  3. Ulceration
  4. Erectile dysfunction
  5. Urinary complications (thought to be related to the urethra as opposed to the bladder)
  6. Best to irradiate as little of the rectum as possible
37
Q

Higher incidence of both acute and late GI effects occurs when _____ volume of pelvis isirradiated.

A

larger

38
Q

Prognosis:

  1. 92% are discovered at ____ stages with a 5-year survival rate of close to 100%.
  2. 5- year survival rate for ____ stage is 29%
A
  1. earlier

2. late

39
Q

Tumor size and degree of differentiation affect the tendency of prostate cancer to metastasize to ____ lymphatics.

A

regional

40
Q

Nodal Status:

Presence of disease in ____ and ____ nodes indicate worse prognosis

A

pelvic, para-aortic

41
Q

Nodal Status:

At 10 years after treatment, 90% of patients with nodes positive for tumor had developed ____ disease

A

distant

42
Q

Lymphatic spread from the prostate is orderly, first involving the ____ and _____ nodes, followed by _____, ______, _____, and _____ nodes

A

periprostatic and obturator

external iliac, hypogastric, common iliac, and periaortic nodes

43
Q

Gleason score correlates with prognosis:

____ scores tend to be more slowly growing, nonaggressive tumors and _____ scores more invasive, metastatic cancers

A

Lower, higher

44
Q

Testicular cancer is ___ common.

A

not very

45
Q

Testicular cancer occurs primarily in the __-__ year old age group

A

15-35

46
Q

Testicular cancer is the \ost common malmgnancy in men between __ and __ years of age

A

20 and 34

47
Q

It is recommended to sperm banking mainly due to the ____.

A

chemo

48
Q

Testucular Cancer Clinical Presentation

A
  1. Hard painless mass in scrotum
  2. Testis may be enlarged or may feel heavy
  3. Pulling sensation in the scrotum
  4. Eventually dull aching pain in lower abdomen
  5. Most tumors of the testes are malignant
49
Q

Testucular Cancer Clinical Presentation (5):

A
  1. Hard painless mass in scrotum
  2. Testis may be enlarged or may feel heavy
  3. Pulling sensation in the scrotum
  4. Eventually dull aching pain in lower abdomen
  5. Most tumors of the testes are malignant
50
Q

Testicular Cancer Increased risks (3):

A
  1. Cryptorchidism
  2. Testicular tumor on one side
  3. Genetic factor
51
Q

Testicular Cancer Histologies (2):

A
  1. Seminoma(most common type)

2. Non-seminoma

52
Q

Testicular Cancer Tumor Markers (2):

A
  1. hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin (17% of patients with seminomas have slightly elevated level of this hormone)
  2. AFP, Alphafetoprotein (usually elevated in non-seminomas)
53
Q

Testicular Cancer

A biopsy of the mass is not possible because ____ into the scrotum could occur and further the disease.

A

seeding

54
Q

_____ helps diagnose Testicular Cancer

A

Ultrasound

55
Q

Testicular Cancer

CT scan of chest, abdomen, and pelvis to determine ____ and if has ____.

A

stage, spread

56
Q

Testicular Cancer Treatment (3):

A
  1. Radical orchiectomy and post operative radiation
  2. Radiation Therapy
  3. Chemotherapy
57
Q

Testicular Cancer Treatment:
Radical orchiectomy and post operative radiation
1. Stage ___ Seminoma

A

I

58
Q 
Testicular Cancer Treatment:
Radiation Therapy 
1. Stage \_\_ and \_\_
2. Para-aortic or para-aortic and ipsilateral pelvic nodes
3.  DOSE
A
  1. I and II
  2. WAITING FOR GWEN TO RESPOND
  3. 2000 - 3000 cGy
59
Q

Testicular Cancer Treatment:
Chemotherapy
1. Stage ___ and ___

A
  1. III and IV

PP2 Test 3 (4 decks)

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