Ch 35 Blood types

Question 1

What is kernicterus?

Answer 1

precipitation of bilirubin in neuronal cells, causing neuronal cell destruction

Question 2

How does transfusion reaction lead to kidney failure?

Answer 2

1. Blood hemolysis resulting from antigen-antibody reaction releases toxic substances that cause renal vasoconstriction
2. Circulatory shock
3. Renal tubular blockage by high hemoglobin concentration

Question 3

What are three pharmaceutical options for preventing graft rejection?

Answer 3

1. Glucocorticoid hormones
2. Azathioprine (toxic effect on lymphoid system to block antibodies and T cell formation)
3. Cyclosporine

Question 4

What is the mechanism of action of Cyclosporine?

Answer 4

Inhibits formation of helper T cells, blocking T cell rejection reactions

Question 5

What is meant by major crossmatch in blood typing?

Answer 5

Checking the recipient’s serum for antibodies to the donor’s erythrocytes.
Needs a sample of donor washed RBC’s and recipient serum.
If incompatible, halt the transfusion. For horses, this looks like a titer of 1:16

Question 6

What is meant by minor crossmatching?

Answer 6

Checking donor serum for antibodies against recipient red blood cells. Usually less important, except in small patients. For horses and ruminants, a source of complement has to be added to crossmatch. If incompatible, can still proceed to give washed red blood cells only