Ch 34 - An Age Of Anxiety Flashcards
The notion that space and time are relative to the person measuring them was first articulated in
Einstein’s theory of relativity
In the years following WW1 the idea of progress was
Roundly attacked
American expat writers were known as? Name two writers
Known as the lost generation; Hemingway and Fitzgerald
Werner Heisenberg did what?
First discovered the uncertainty principle
The father of psychoanalysis was?
Sigmund Freud
According to Sigmund Freud the root of neurotic behavior was?
A conflict between conscious and unconscious mental processes
What were the attacks on progress in postwar pessimism?
People began to question democracy and if war is actually progress
What is Bauhaus?
Architecture influenced by design and art for urban-industrial landscape
Why did art have so much variety now?
Artists didn’t like realism anymore and were concerned for their freedom of expression.
Why was realism no longer needed? What was art being used for now
It was replaced by cameras; art began to be used to express
As industry improved less _________ were needed
Raw materials
No more raw materials needed —-> too much _________ ——-> not enough __________ ——> lower prices
Supply; demand
Farmers couldn’t afford to buy ____________ —–> businesses cut back on production ——-> unemployment increased
Manufactured goods
Reasons for Great Depression
Germany and Austria relied on US loans for was reparations
France and Great. Britain used reparations to repay their US loans
US banks withdrew capital from Europe
Why did the US withdraw from European investments?
Their money had cycled and they were being payed back their loans with their own money
What happened on Black Friday?
US stock market crashed as all investors sold stocks while before they decreased in value
Why did Germany and Japan suffer during the Great Depression?
Because they were dependent on exports to import fuel and food
What were the consequences of the Great Depression ?
People bought things made in their own country
Higher tariffs on things made in foreign countries
Prohibition on other countries selling in the US
Lots of personal suffering in the form of
Losing jobs, savings, homes, dignity, and hope
2 government responses on capitalism
- government did nothing
2. Govt focused on balancing budget and stopping public spending
Keyne’s solution?
Government should stimulate the economy by increasing the money supply (print more) to lower interest rates and encourage people to invest; also encouraged public works projects
FDR believed in:
Creating jobs, farm subsidies, collective bargaining, minimum wage, social security
New Deal’s fundamental idea
The government should intervene to protect the social and economic welfare of the people.
Russia held the rule by the ________
Italy and Germany had ________ as a replacement for social and democracy
Proletariat, fascism
Who were fighting when Lenin and the Bolsheviks took over, while there was still opposition?
Reds vs Whites
Bolsheviks: reds
Others: whites
Bolsheviks used a tactic called______ to execute the czar and his family
Red terror
What happened during war communism in Russia
The government took over banks, industries, private property, crops
Lenin’s new economic policy was:
- State “capitalism” (state owns most of the industry and people own some)
- electrification
- technical schools
How did Stalin work? What did he implement this system in?
With an organized 5 year plan; heavy industry ( steel, oil production)
Statins system towards farmers (collectivization of agriculture)
Farmers had to share land and split profits
Good and bad Effects of collectivization of agriculture
Good: full employment, cheap housing, and food
Bad: little material benefit
Who did the command economy benefit?
The government and military, not the people.
What happened to those who wanted plural government?
Stalin charged them for treason; they were executed or sent or Gulags
Features of the Fascist alternative
Veneration of the state Devotion to strong leaders Emphasis on ultranationalism Ethnocentrism Militarism
Mussolini was the leader of the __________ who were completely anti socialist and killed all socialists
Italian combat veterans league (black shirts)
Corporatism in Italy was
When all societal interests were under the control of the state (Italy was a company and Mussolini was the CEO)
Hitler’s focus to gain support
Path to legality
Why did middle class people support the nazi party?
Because they wanted radical change
When nazi party gains seats in parliament, president Hindenburg does what?
Makes Hitler Chancellor
Purpose of campaign to have more aryan babies?
To increase the birthdate of the racially valuable
Eugenics were?
When all undesirables were sterilized or killed
