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Medical Surg > Ch 33 Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders > Flashcards

Ch 33 Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Problems with prolonged nausea and vomiting

A

Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalances
Metabolic acidosis

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2
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack of appetite

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3
Q

Prolonged anorexia can result in?

A

Electrolyte imbalances

Cardiac dysrythmias

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4
Q

Nursing actions for anorexia

A 
Document I&O 
Vital signs
Electrolytes
Electrocardiogram
Rate of IV and tube feedings
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5
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Eating disorder

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6
Q

Anorexia nervosa signs and symptoms

A

Severe weight loss
Low self-esteem
Compulsive dieting
Altered body image

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7
Q

Progression in anorexia nervosa

A 
Amenorrhea
Electrolyte imbalance
Dry skin and hair
Bradycardia
Hypothermia
Hypotension
Muscle wasting
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8
Q

Complications of anorexia nervosa

A 
Decrease in pulse and blood pressure
Heart and renal failure
Osteoporosis and muscle loss 
Vitamin and electrolyte imbalances
Diabetes (sugars are unstable if food is consumed or not consumed)
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9
Q

Theraputic measures for anorexia nervosa

A

Restore nutritional health

Medical and psychological counseling

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10
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Binge and purge

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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa

A 
Enamel erosion in teeth
Vomiting frequently
Electrolyte imbalance
Dysrythmias
Heart failure
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12
Q

Therapeutic measure for Bulimia nervosa

A

Medical and psychological counseling

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13
Q

Obesity

A

BMI should be between 19-24

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14
Q

Therapeutic measure for obesity

A

Diet exercise
Medications to suppress appetite
Surgery

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15
Q

Roux-en-y

A

Restrictive and malabsorptive surgery

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16
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the oral cavity

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17
Q

Most common form of stomatitis

A 
Aphthous stomatitis (canker sores)
Herpes simplex virus type 1
    Contagious
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18
Q

Oral cancer signs and symptoms

A 
Ulcers that don't disappear after 2 weeks should be checked out
Painless then tender as it progresses
Difficulty chewing
  Swallowing
  Speaking
Swollen cervical lymph nodes
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19
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Associated with use of tobacco and alcohol

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20
Q

Signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer

A 
Dysphasia 
Feeling of fullness 
Pain in chest after eating
Foul breath
GERD if there is an obstruction
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21
Q

Diagnostic test for esophageal cancer

A

EGD-esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Biopsy

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22
Q

Therapeutic measures for esophageal cancer

A

Eradication
Chemo
Surgery

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23
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Lower esophagus and stomache slides up and through the hiatus of the diaphragm into the thorax

24
Q

Signs and symptoms of hiatus hernia

A 
Lg hernias causes 
Pain
Heartburn
Feeling of fullness 
Reflux
25
Q

Diagnostic test for hiatal hernia

A

X-ray

Fluoroscopy

26
Q

Therapeutic measures for hiatal hernia

A 
Antacids
Eating small meals
Not reclining 1 hr after eating
Elevating head of bed 6-12 inches
Avoid snacks at bed time
Smoking
Caffeine
27
Q

Surgical management for hiatal hernia

A

Nissan fundoplication

28
Q

Mallory-Weiss tear

A 
Longitudinal tear in the mucous membrane of the esophagus at the stomach junction
Results from prolonged coughing
Vomiting
Seizures
CPR
29
Q

Sign and symptom of Mallory-Weiss Tear

A

GI bleed

30
Q

Diagnostic test for MWT

A

Hemoglobin and hematocrit

EGD

31
Q

Acute gastritis

A

Mucosal barrier broken down and allows autodigestion from hydrochloric acid and pepsin to occur

Tissue edema and possible hemorrhage

32
Q

Signs and symptoms of acute gastritis

A 
Abdominal pain 
Accompanied with nausea and anorexia
Abdominal tenderness
Feeling of fullness 
Reflux
Belching
Hematemesis
33
Q

Therapeutic measures for acute gastritis

A

Bland diet
Soft foods
Antacids
Medication to reduce vomiting

34
Q

Chronic gastritis type A

A

Autoimmune
Occurs in the fundus
Can lead to pernicious anemia
Difficulty absorbing B12

35
Q

Diagnostic test for chronic gastritis type A

A

Endoscopy
Upper GI X-ray
Gastric aspirate analysis

36
Q

Chronic gastritis type B

A

Affects the Antrum and pyloris
Lower end of the stomach and near duodenum
Associated with helicobacter pylora bacterial infection
Most common

37
Q

Signs and symptoms of chronic gastritis type B

A 
Poor appetite
Heartburn
Belching
Sour taste in mouth
Nausea and vomiting
38
Q

Diagnostic test for chronic gastritis type B

A

Endoscopy
Upper GI X-ray
Gastric aspirate analysis

39
Q

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

Lining of the stomach, esophagus, duodenum, pyloris erodes

40
Q

Signs and symptoms of PUD

A

Pain
Hemorrhage
Obstruction
Perforation

41
Q

Diagnostic test for PUD

A

Urea breath test
Biopsy specimens for the Campylobacter-like organism (CLO)
Barium swallow
EGD

42
Q

Therapeutic measures for peptic ulcers

A

Antibiotics

Proton pump inhibitor or H2 antagonist

43
Q

Gastric bleeding

A

Ulcer perforation
Tumors
Gastric surgery

Most common in stomach and intestines

44
Q

Signs and symptoms of gastric bleeding

A 
Slight weakness or diaphoresis
Hypovolemic shock
Hypotension
Threads pulse
Chills
Palpitations
45
Q

Therapeutic measures for GI bleed

A

Prevent hypovolemic shock
Prevent dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance

46
Q

Treatment for GI bleed

A 
NPO
IV line for fluids and blood
Hematocrit
Catheter for output
NG tube
  Monitor pH 
  Decompress stomach
47
Q

Gastric cancer

A

Malignant lesions found in the stomach

H. Pylor infection plays a role

48
Q

Signs and symptoms of gastric cancer

A 
Rarely diagnosed early
Indigestion
Anorexia
Pain relieved by antacid
Weight loss
Nausea
Vomiting
Anemia
Occult blood in stool
49
Q

Diagnostic test for gastric cancer

A

Upper GI X-ray
Gastroscopy
Gastric fluid analysis
Measurement of serum gastrin levels

50
Q

Therapeutic measures for gastric cancer

A

Surgery to relieve symptoms

Chemo and radiation but not effective

51
Q

Dumping syndrome

A

Rapid entry of food into the jejunum w/o proper mixing of food with digestive juices

Extra cellular fluid into bowel from circulating bv to dilute high concentration of electrolytes and sugars
Decreases circulating bv

52
Q

Symptoms of dumping syndrome

A 
Dizziness 
Tachycardia 
Fainting
Sweating
Nausea
Diarrhea 
Feeling of fullness
Abdominal cramping
Increase blood sugar
Hypoglycemia
53
Q

Symptoms old hypoglycemia

A 
Weakness
Sweating
Anxiety
Shakiness
Confusion
Tachycardia
54
Q

Treatment for hypoglycemia

A

Eat sugary candy or sugar juice immediately

55
Q

Treatment for dumping syndrome

A 
Small frequent meals
High in protein and fat
Low in carbs
Avoid fluids 1 hr before, with, after meals or for 2 hours after meals
Lie down after meals
56
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

B12 deficiency

57
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Excessive fat in stools
Result of dumping syndrome
Controlled by reducing fat

Medical Surg (3 decks)

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