Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Biology II E2 > Ch. 33: Invertebrates > Flashcards

Ch. 33: Invertebrates Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sponges have been traditionally considered as the ..

A

Basal animal group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Basal animal group, however,

A

recent data suggest that a – bilateral organism is more likely basal and
– Ctenophora has been tentatively placed as the basal animal group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cnidarians are an

A

Ancient phylum of radially symmetrical and diploblastic animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lophotrochozoans

A
  • A clade identified by molecular data

- Have the widest range of animal body forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ecdysozoans

A

The most species-rich animal group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Echinoderms and Chordates are

A

Deuterostomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Porifera

A
  • Asymmetric
  • Lack Tissues
  • Cellular-level of organization
  • Needs: O2, nutrients (in) and CO2, waste (out)
  • Porocytes: form tube that water can go through
  • Choanocytes: currents …
  • Pinacocytes (epidermis): epidermal cells
  • Amoebocytes
  • Meshyl
  • Thin wall around open space (3 levels)
  • Low metabolic rate
  • High SA/V
  • Main ∆c = bulk flow
  • Sessile organisms
  • Crypsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Porocytes

A

form tube that water can go through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Choanocytes

A

currents ??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pinacocytes

A

in epidermis

- Epidermal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Amoebocytes

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sessile Organisms

A

Gemule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gemule

A

if freshwater, can form spore-like structures that could …
- some land on hermit crabs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Crypsis

A

the ability of an animal to avoid observation or detection by other animals
- i.e. camouflage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Crypsis

A

the ability of an animal to avoid observation or detection by other animals
- i.e. camouflage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cnidaria

A
  • named after cnidocytes
  • Diploblastic, tissue level
  • Radial Symmetry
  • Nerve Net (only “system”)
  • Myoepithelial (muscle)
  • Epidermis (Ectoderm)
  • Gastrodermis (endoderm)
  • Mesoglea (gelatinous substance)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cnidocyte

A

cells with nematocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cnidocil

A

sensitive to touch

  • mechanoreceptor protein
  • can change/ permeability to water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 body forms of Cnidaria

A

1) polyp
2) medusa
- Both have epidermis and gastrodermis (cover gastrovascular cavity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Polyp

A
  • tentacles are thicker

- sessile form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Medusa

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diverticula

A

medusa

“sac”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nervous system of cnidaria

A

movement
coordinating
spacial ?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Metabolic Requirements for Animal Life

A

1) Oxygen (O2) in and CO2 out
2) Nutrients in
3) Waste out => nitrogenous waste (one of three forms: NH3 (ammonia), Urea, Uric Acid
4) Water/Salt balance (osmotic)

5)

25
Q

Metabolic Requirements for Animal Life

A

1) Oxygen (O2) in and CO2 out
2) Nutrients in
3) Waste out => nitrogenous waste (one of three forms: NH3 (ammonia), Urea, Uric Acid
4) Water/Salt balance (osmotic)

5) Central control of cell/tissue function
=> (neurons) via nervous system via endocrine system

26
Q

Phylum Ctenophors (comb jelly)

A
  • named after ctene (comb)
  • “Comb” rows of cilia used for locomotion
  • Radial symmetry
  • Diploblastic
  • Epidermis
  • Mesoglea
  • Gastrodermis
  • GVC (gastrovascular cavity)
  • No cnidocyte; yes to colloblast (sticky (ensnare prey)
  • complete digestive system
  • Large SA/V ; Fiele’s Law
27
Q

Bilartaria

A
  • Bilateral Symmetry
  • Cephalization (making a head)
    => concentration of sensory organs/nerves at one end
28
Q

Lophotrochozoa (2 groups)

A

1) Lophophorates
2) Trochozoa

  • lophophore: feeding structure
  • trochophore larvae
  • animal
29
Q

Ecdysozoa

A
  • ecdysis: mold/shed cuticles (thick part of epidermis/ exoskeleton)
  • animal
30
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

flatworms

  • dorsal-ventral flattening
  • Can be free-living or parasitic
  • Bilateral
  • Triploblastic (3 layers)
  • Acoelomate
  • can be parasitic (Tapeworm and flukes) or free-living (Planaria/Dugesia)
31
Q

Triploblastic layers of Platyhelminthes

A
  • ectoderm: epidermis/nerve
  • Mesoderm: parenchyma (C.T., muscle)
  • Endoderm: gut
32
Q

Dioecious

A

separate sexes

33
Q

Monoecious

A

hermaphroditic

self-fertilization

34
Q

Trematoda

A

Flukes: 2 types
1) Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke): human and two intermediate hosts

2) Schistosomes: “blood fluke”
infection: schistosomiasis/
live in veins/ burrow in human skin

35
Q

Clonorchis sinensis life cycle

A
  • eggs go into snail
  • go into fish muscle
  • humans eat fish
  • lives in gull bladder or bile duct
  • dominate host: human
  • intermediate host: snail, fish
36
Q

Schistosomes life cycle

A
  • burrow into human skin
  • ciliated larva go into snail
  • motile larva will burrow into human skin
  • dominate host: human
  • intermediate host: snail
37
Q

Planaria can be cut

A
  • up to 10 transverse cuts = 10 planar
  • cut closer to head => faster regeneration
  • the orientation of actin cytoskeleton can effect rate/type of regeneration
38
Q

Phylum Rotifera

A
  • pseudocoelomate
  • complete digestive tract
  • wheel-animals
  • primarily freshwater but some marine
  • rarely see males
  • have toes: suspension feeders
39
Q

Corona

A
  • wheel organ found in the Phylum Rotifera
  • jaws (mastea): structure can close
  • Circulatory crelonic fluid
  • Pedal glands
40
Q

Rotifera reproduce

A

through parthenogenesis: development of unfertilized egg (haploid)

41
Q

Lophophore vs Trochophore

A

Lophophore:

  • U-shaped tentacle
  • Feeding apparatus
  • All marine
  • i.e. ectoprocts (sea mat) branchpods
Trochophore:
- Ciliated larvae w/ complete digestive system
- Ciliated: 
  => apical tuft
  => equatorial band
  => Complete digestive system
  => Respiratory/circulatory organs
42
Q

Phylum Mollusca

A
  • adaptive radiation into a variety of riches
  • larger
  • more complex, more systems
  • Tripartite body plan: mantle, visceral mass, foot
43
Q

Tripartite body plan of Mollusca

A
  • Mantle: may secrete a shell (always have)
  • Visceral Mass: organs and coelom and hemocoelom
  • Foot (muscular): heart and kidneys (nephridium), gonads
44
Q

Mollusca hemocoel

A
  • hemolymph: a fluid filled cavity

- suspended within a gastrointestinal tract

45
Q

Mollusca Mantle Cavity

A

air space (acts as simple lung)

or gills present (aquatic sp)

46
Q

Mollusca Cardiovascular System

A

Open: hemolymph is not contained in vessels at all times

organs bathed in hemolymph directly

47
Q

Mollusca digestive system

A

Complete

  • Mouth: radula: stiff-ribbon-like appendage with chitin => scraping
  • Pharynx => stomach <=> digestive glands (pyloric ceca) acts like both a liver and pancreas and absorptive organ

stomach => intestine => anus

48
Q

Mollusca Respiratory

A

“lung” (simple) = mantle cavity

gills

49
Q

Mollusca Nervous System

A
  • Circumpharyngeal ganglion (“brain”)
  • Ventral nerve cords
  • Other smaller ganglia in visceral mass
50
Q

Class Gastropod

A

Phylum Mollusca

  • have torsion
  • visceral mass turns
51
Q

Class Bivalvia

A

Phylum Mollusca

- Ctenidia: ciliated; capture food/ respiratory/ gills

52
Q

Class Cephalopoda

A

Phylum Mollusca

  • body plan modified for locomotion/feeding
  • Closed circulatory system
  • Great Vision
  • i.e. Nautilus: can add/lose air
  • Octopus/Squid: can change color for different reasons
    • > Octopus: based on moods/ communication
    • > Squid: mating, terrestrial (cuttlefish)
53
Q

Phylum Annelida

A
  • coelomates with metamerism
54
Q

Metamerism

A

a serial (repetition) row of similar body parts along the length of an animal

55
Q

Coelomate

A

Septa divide coelom into compartments associated with block of muscle

56
Q

why a metamerism

A
  • great increase in muscle coordination
  • increase types of actions possible
  • adaptive radiation
57
Q

Nervous system of Phylum Annelida

A
  • circumpharyngeal ganglion
  • 2 ventral nerve cords
  • each metamere is independently controlled by transverse nerves
  • tactile, chemosensory
58
Q

Annelida Coelom

A

1) independently move body wall and gut
2) expansion of space for gonads and larger and more types of organs
3) (serves as a) hydrostatic skeleton (very important)

59
Q

Annelida Circulatory system

A
  • closed
  • no heart, but pulsatile arteries
  • Coelomic fluid: medium for diffusion to and from circularity vessels
  • Hemolymph: contains some hemoglobin/ a respiratory pigment/ increase total [O2] in hemolymph
    => O2 soluble and O2 bound to pigment

General Biology II E2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions