ch 31 vascular disorders

Question 1

Hypertensive crisis

Answer 1

Hypertensive urgency-DBP is greater or equal to 120 no target organ damage
Hypertensive emergency-DBP is greater or equal to 120 with target organ damage (heart,eyes, kidneys)

Question 2

Blood pressure ranges

Answer 2

Normal 120/80
elevated 120-129/80
Hypertension stage1 130-139/80-89
Hypertension stage 2 140 or higher /90 higher
Hypertensive crisis greater than 180/ greater than 120

Question 3

Dash diet

Answer 3

Grains 6-8
fruits and veggies 4-5
dairy and fats 2-3
meats 6 0r less
nuts4-5
sweets 5 less
1,600 mg sodium restriction

Question 4

Normal HDL

Answer 4

males more than 40
females more than 50

Question 5

LDL

Answer 5

less than 100

Question 6

Peripheral Arterial Disease is what and how is it treated?

Answer 6

Obstruction of blood flow through large peripheral arteries cause partial or total occlusion
-relieve symptoms
-medications (statins are given at bed time)
-Ppi- never given with antiplatelets(acetylasalicylic acid)
Pentoxifyline
aspirin
ace inhibitors-pril

Question 7

Peripheral Arterial Disease is diagnosed by

Answer 7

ABI ankle-brachial index
doppler probe is used to obtain bp at ankle and brachial artery
non compressible arteries greater than 1.30
Normal 1-1.29
borderline PAD 0.91-0.99
mild pad 0.41-0.9
severe pad 0-0.4
abi=anklebp/brachial bp

Question 8

intermittent claudication

Answer 8

cramps,weakness in calf
treadmill test can confirm diagnosis of pad and intermittent claudication

Question 9

secondary hypertension

Answer 9

caused by
-pheochromocytoma
-cushings
-primary aldosterone
-hyperthyroidism
-myxedema
-

Question 10

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 10

hardening of the arteries

Question 11

Atherosclerosis

Answer 11

plaque formation ELEVATION LDL

Question 12

PAD Complications

Answer 12

Critical limb ischemia-causes severe decrease blood flow-pain even at rest
Acute limb ischemia –sudden decrease blood flow-clot

Question 13

6 ps neuro vascular assessment

Answer 13

pain,paralysis,pulse,power,paresthia,polar

Question 14

Carotid Artery Disease assessment

Answer 14

7 facial
10vagus swallow
11spinal shrug shoulder head sie to side
12hypoglossal toungue

Question 15

CAD
If patient is hypotensive

Answer 15

Reposition patient flat
Anticipate orders for vasoactive drips or intravenous fluid bolus

Question 16

CAD
If patient is hypertensive

Answer 16

Maintain head of the bed at 30 degrees

Question 17

Abdominal aneurysm

Answer 17

will have pain and back, throbbing in abdominal masts near umbilical cyanosis blood clot

Question 18

Thoracic aneurysm

Answer 18

continuous pain, signs of hf, sob, hoarsness, difficult swallowing

Question 19

DVT medications

Answer 19

warfarin
heparin

Question 20

Types of Aneurysms

Answer 20

Saccular-project on one side
Fusiform-entire arterial segment dilated
Pseudoaneurysm-false leak from artery traua that punctures the artery

Question 21

DVT Virchow’s triad

Answer 21

Decreased flow rate of blood (stasis)
Damage to blood vessel wall (endothelial injury)
Increased tendency to clot (hypercoagulability)