Ch. 31 Animal Tissues (Form and Function) Flashcards
animals must be able to:
- maintain homeostasis
- acquire food, water, get rid of waste
- protect against injury, bacteria, reproduce
tissue
a group of cells with a common structure and function
4 types of tissue
- epithelial tissue
- connective tissue
- muscle tissue
- nervous tissue
epithelial tissue
lines the body surfaces, organs, cavities, ducts and tubes
basement membrane
- organize metabolism
- filter waste
- new cell development
mucous membrane
provide surface moisture/secretions, absorb nutrients
-release digestive enzymes **may have cilia or microvilli
types of epithelial tissue
1) simple epithelium: one single layer
2) stratified epithelium: 2 or more layers
3) special glandular epithelium: secretes products to be used elsewhere in the body
forms of epithelial tissue
- simple cuboidal, simple squamous, simple columnar
- stratified cuboidal, stratified squamous, stratified columnar
types of special glandular epithelium
- exocrine glands
- endocrine glands
exocrine glands
have ducts/tubes and release their products onto the mucous membranes
endocrines glands
ductless and release their products into the “extracellular matrix”
extracellular matrix
fluid that fills space between cells and is responsible for the exchange of nutrients, wastes, etc with blood stream
connective tissue
binds and supports the body (most abundant tissue in the body), fibers are scattered in a ground substance called the matrix
types of connective tissue
1) loose connective:
2) dense-irregular connective
3) dense regular connective
4) special connective
loose connective tissue
fibers and fibroblasts in a semi-ground substance
dense-irregular connective tissue
fibroblast and many fibers with no regular arrangement
dense regular connective tissue
many rows of fibers and rows of fibroblasts (secrete protein to make fibers)
special connective tissue
a) cartilage
b) bones
c) adipose
d) blood
cartilage
avascular, solid flexible material that resists compression and protects joints (bones form on a cartilage model)
bone
mineral tissue hydroxyapatite (hardens bones)
- osteoblast: bone forming cell
- osteocyte: bone cell
adipose
fat, storage tissue
-padding, insulation, energy storage
blood
the body’s transport medium, a liquid tissue
-contains red cells, white cells, platelets dispersed in fluid medium: plasma
muscle tissue
arranged in parallel fashion that contracts when stimulated to move the body/specific body parts
*sarcomere: functional muscle unit
types of muscle tissue
1) skeletal muscle
2) cardiac muscle
3) smooth muscle
skeletal muscle tissue
bundles of long cylindrical striated contractile cells
-reflex activated, functioning in locomotion, posture: head, limb movement
cardiac muscle tissue
unevenly striated muscle, contract as a unit through gap junction signals
-function: pump blood forcefully through system
smooth muscle
contractile cells taped at both ends, not striated
-controlled constriction; motility of gut, arterial blood flow
lumen
an opening where liquid can flow through
nervous tissue
detects stimuli, integrates information, relay commands for response
neuron
functioning unit that sends impulses
neuroglial
protect and support neurons
simple squamos epithelium function
permit passive selective (and rapid) diffusion of material
function of stratified squamos
protect underlying tissues
simple cuboidal tissue function
absorb nutrients and water
simple columnar tissue function
absorbtion and excretion and protection
