Ch. 31 Animal Tissues (Form and Function)

Question 1

animals must be able to:

Answer 1

• maintain homeostasis
• acquire food, water, get rid of waste
• protect against injury, bacteria, reproduce

Question 2

tissue

Answer 2

a group of cells with a common structure and function

Question 3

4 types of tissue

Answer 3

• epithelial tissue
• connective tissue
• muscle tissue
• nervous tissue

Question 4

epithelial tissue

Answer 4

lines the body surfaces, organs, cavities, ducts and tubes

Question 5

basement membrane

Answer 5

• organize metabolism
• filter waste
• new cell development

Question 6

mucous membrane

Answer 6

provide surface moisture/secretions, absorb nutrients

-release digestive enzymes **may have cilia or microvilli

Question 7

types of epithelial tissue

Answer 7

1) simple epithelium: one single layer
2) stratified epithelium: 2 or more layers
3) special glandular epithelium: secretes products to be used elsewhere in the body

Question 8

forms of epithelial tissue

Answer 8

• simple cuboidal, simple squamous, simple columnar

- stratified cuboidal, stratified squamous, stratified columnar

Question 9

types of special glandular epithelium

Answer 9

• exocrine glands

- endocrine glands

Question 10

exocrine glands

Answer 10

have ducts/tubes and release their products onto the mucous membranes

Question 11

endocrines glands

Answer 11

ductless and release their products into the “extracellular matrix”

Question 12

extracellular matrix

Answer 12

fluid that fills space between cells and is responsible for the exchange of nutrients, wastes, etc with blood stream

Question 13

connective tissue

Answer 13

binds and supports the body (most abundant tissue in the body), fibers are scattered in a ground substance called the matrix

Question 14

types of connective tissue

Answer 14

1) loose connective:
2) dense-irregular connective
3) dense regular connective
4) special connective

Question 15

loose connective tissue

Answer 15

fibers and fibroblasts in a semi-ground substance

Question 16

dense-irregular connective tissue

Answer 16

fibroblast and many fibers with no regular arrangement

Question 17

dense regular connective tissue

Answer 17

many rows of fibers and rows of fibroblasts (secrete protein to make fibers)

Question 18

special connective tissue

Answer 18

a) cartilage
b) bones
c) adipose
d) blood

Question 19

cartilage

Answer 19

avascular, solid flexible material that resists compression and protects joints (bones form on a cartilage model)

Question 20

bone

Answer 20

mineral tissue hydroxyapatite (hardens bones)

• osteoblast: bone forming cell
• osteocyte: bone cell

Question 21

adipose

Answer 21

fat, storage tissue

-padding, insulation, energy storage

Question 22

blood

Answer 22

the body’s transport medium, a liquid tissue

-contains red cells, white cells, platelets dispersed in fluid medium: plasma

Question 23

muscle tissue

Answer 23

arranged in parallel fashion that contracts when stimulated to move the body/specific body parts
*sarcomere: functional muscle unit

Question 24

types of muscle tissue

Answer 24

1) skeletal muscle
2) cardiac muscle
3) smooth muscle

Question 25

skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 25

bundles of long cylindrical striated contractile cells

-reflex activated, functioning in locomotion, posture: head, limb movement

Question 26

cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 26

unevenly striated muscle, contract as a unit through gap junction signals
-function: pump blood forcefully through system

Question 27

smooth muscle

Answer 27

contractile cells taped at both ends, not striated

-controlled constriction; motility of gut, arterial blood flow

Question 28

lumen

Answer 28

an opening where liquid can flow through

Question 29

nervous tissue

Answer 29

detects stimuli, integrates information, relay commands for response

Question 30

neuron

Answer 30

functioning unit that sends impulses

Question 31

neuroglial

Answer 31

protect and support neurons

Question 32

simple squamos epithelium function

Answer 32

permit passive selective (and rapid) diffusion of material

Question 33

function of stratified squamos

Answer 33

protect underlying tissues

Question 34

simple cuboidal tissue function

Answer 34

absorb nutrients and water

Question 35

simple columnar tissue function

Answer 35

absorbtion and excretion and protection