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Cell Metabolism > Ch 31 Amino Acid Synthesis > Flashcards

Ch 31 Amino Acid Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Are amino acids stored?

A

No

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2
Q

Nitrogen fixing organisms?

A

diazotrophs

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3
Q

Nitrogen fixing enzyme

A

Nitrogenase

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4
Q

glutamine synthase

A

converts glutimate to glutamine through addition of another nitrogen group

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5
Q

what provides carbon for amino acid synthesis?

A

intermediates of the glycolytic pathway, the citric acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway.

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6
Q

aminotransferases

A

Transamination via transaminases involves removing amino group from glutamate to α-ketoacids

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7
Q

Glutathione

A

Reductant
Conjugated with drugs to solubilize them
Reduce peroxides

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8
Q

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficency

A

causes NADP shortage

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9
Q

energy use of nitrogen?

A

none

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10
Q

Path of N out of systerm

A

amino acid to glutamate to NH4 to urea

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11
Q

enzymes for urea cycle

A

amino transferase removes amine from amino acid to glutamate, glutamate dehydrogenase removes amine group from glutamate

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12
Q

Glutamate dehydrogenase location? why?

A

mitochondria, keep ammonia away from the rest of the cell

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13
Q

Glutamate dehydrogenase regulation?

A

Allosterically regulated = inhibited by GTP and ATP; activated by GDP and ADP

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14
Q

Urea synthesis location?

A

Liver

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15
Q

How are amino groups transfered to the liver?

A

by glutamine and alanine in the blood

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16
Q

Where does most AA degradation occur?

A

mostly in liver, but some in muscle too

17
Q

glucose alanine cycle

A

transfers N from muscle to liver

  • NH4 transfered to pyruvate to form alanine, alanine enters blood
  • alanine enters liver, broken down to glutamate and pyruvate
  • pyruvate converted to glucose, glucose travels to muscles via blood
  • glucose converted to pyruvate, pyruvate +NH4 = alanine
18
Q

Glutamate dehydrogenase releases

A

ammonia
NADH
alpha ketoglutarate

19
Q

Primary means of nitrogen elimination for land-dwelling mammals?

A

Urea

Cell Metabolism (1 decks)

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