ch. 3 vocab

Question 1

states of matter

Answer 1

physical forms in which all matter naturally exists on earth (most commonly solids, liquid, gas)

Question 2

solid

Answer 2

has its own definite shape, constant volume, takes shape of container

Question 3

liquid

Answer 3

flows, has constant volume and takes shape of its container

Question 4

gas

Answer 4

flows to conform its container+volume, easily compressed

Question 5

vapor

Answer 5

gaseous state of a liquid or solid at room temperature

Question 6

physical property

Answer 6

characteristics of matter that can be observed/measured w/o changing the samples compisiton

Question 7

extensive property

Answer 7

physical property that is dependent on the amount of substance present

Question 8

intensive property

Answer 8

physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present

Question 9

chemical property

Answer 9

ability/inability of a substance to combine w/ or change into one or more new substances

Question 10

physical change

Answer 10

type of change that alters physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition

Question 11

phase change

Answer 11

transition of matter from one state to another

Question 12

chemical change

Answer 12

process involving one or more substances changing into new substances (chemical reaction)

Question 13

law of conservation of mass

Answer 13

states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but is conserved

Question 14

mixture

Answer 14

physical blend of two or more pure substances in any proportion in which each substance retains its properties; can be separated physically

Question 15

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 15

one that does not have a uniform composition and in which the indiviual substances remain distinct

Question 16

homogeneous mixture

Answer 16

one that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase (solution)

Question 17

solution

Answer 17

uniform mixture that can contain solids, liquids, gasses (homogeneous mixture)

Question 18

filtration

Answer 18

technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid

Question 19

distillation

Answer 19

technique used to physically separate most homogeneous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points of substances

Question 20

crystallization

Answer 20

separation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substance from a solution that contains the dissolved substance

Question 21

sublimation

Answer 21

energy-required process by which a solid changes directly to a gas w/o first becoming a liquid

Question 22

chromography

Answer 22

a separation technique that separates the components of a mixture based on the tendency of the component to be drawn across a surface

Question 23

element

Answer 23

pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical/physical means

Question 24

periodic table

Answer 24

chart that organizes all known elements into periods and groups arranged by increasing atomic number

Question 25

compound

Answer 25

a chemical combination of two or more elements, can be broken down into simpler substances

Question 26

law of definite proportions

Answer 26

states that regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportions by mass

Question 27

percent by mass

Answer 27

percentage determined by the ration of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound

Question 28

law of multiple proportions

Answer 28

states that when different compounds are formed by the combination of the same elements, dif. masses of the element combine w/ the same fixed mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers