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NUR 211_PSY Exam 1 > Ch 3: Theories and Therapy > Flashcards

Ch 3: Theories and Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Theories and Models provide structures for…

A
  • Considering developmental processes.
  • Possible explanations about how we think, feel, and behave
  • A pathway to Therapy
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2
Q

The 3 components of Freud’s Personality Structure are…

A
  1. ID
  2. Ego
  3. Superego
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3
Q

Briefly define each of the follow levels of awareness:
• Conscious
• Preconscious
• Subconscious

A
  • Conscious: what we are aware of
  • Preconscious: awareness just below the surface of consciousness that accessible with effort
  • Subconscious: not aware of
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4
Q

The Id is

  1. Conscious
  2. Preconscious
  3. Subconscious
A

Answer: 3

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5
Q

The Ego is

  1. Conscious
  2. Preconscious
  3. Subconscious
A

Answer: 1

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6
Q

The Superego is

  1. Conscious
  2. Preconscious
  3. Subconscious
A

Answer: 2

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7
Q

What are some characteristics of Id?

A
  • Pleasure principle
  • Reflex action
  • Primary process
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8
Q

What are some characteristics of Ego?

A
  • Problem solver
  • Reality tester
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9
Q

What are some characteristics of Superego?

A
  • Moral component
  • Super-ego tends to be judgmental and controlling
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10
Q

What do Defense Mechanisms do?

A

Deny, falsify, or distort reality to make it less threatening.

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11
Q

True or False

Defense Mechanisms operate on a conscious level

A

False

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12
Q

Defense Mechanisms develop _____.

A

Anxiety

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13
Q

Experiences during the early stages of life determine an individual’s lifetime _____ patterns and _____ traits.

A
  • Adjustment
  • Personality
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14
Q

What are 5 main components of Freudian Theory that assist in Nursing?

A
  1. Formation of personality
  2. Conscious and unconscious influences
  3. Importance of individual talk sessions
  4. Attentive listening
  5. Transference/Counter transference.
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15
Q

Define Transference

A

The process whereby a person unconsciously and inappropriately displaces (transfers) onto individuals in their current life those patterns of behavior and emotional reactions that originated in relation to significant figures of their past.

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16
Q

Common forms of transference include the desire for _____ or _____ and the gratification of _____ needs.

A
  • Affection
  • Respect
  • Dependency
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17
Q

Define Countertransference

A

To displace onto the patient feelings related to people in one’s past.

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18
Q

When we fail to recognize our countertransferences toward our patients, the therapeutic relationship stalls, and essentially we disempower our patients by experiencing them not as _____ but rather as _____ _____.

A
  • Individuals
  • Inner projections
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19
Q

True or False

Erikson’s stages of development outline how personality continues to develop through old age

A

True

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20
Q

True or False

Erikson’s stages of development state that failures at one stage cannot be rectified in another stage.

A

False

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21
Q

Erikson: Name each of the eight stages, with ages.

A
  1. Infant: birth-18mos
  2. Toddler: 18mos-3yrs
  3. Preschooler: 3-6yrs
  4. School-Age Child: 6-12yrs
  5. Adolescent: 12-20yrs
  6. Young Adult: 20-30yrs
  7. Middle-Age Adult: 30-60yrs
  8. Older Adult: 65-death
22
Q

Erikson: Name each of the eight stages, in order.

A
  1. Trust v. Mistrust
  2. Autonomy v. Shame
  3. Initiative v. Guilt
  4. Industry v. Inferiority
  5. Identity v. Role Confusion
  6. Intimacy v. Isolation
  7. Generativity v. Stagnation
  8. Integrity v. Despair
23
Q

Erikson: What is the task of Trust v. Mistrust?

A

develop a basic sense of trust that leads to hope

24
Q

Erikson: What is the task of Autonomy v. Shame?

A

gain self-control of and independence within the environment

25
Q

Erikson: What is the task of Initiative v. Guilt?

A

achieve a sense of purpose and develop a sense of mastery over tasks

26
Q

Erikson: What is the task of Industry v. Inferiority?

A

gain a sense of self-confidence and recognition through learning, competing, and performing successfully

27
Q

Erikson: What is the task of Identity v. Role Confusion?

A

integrate all the tasks previously mastered into a secure sense of self

28
Q

Erikson: What is the task of Intimacy v. Isolation?

A

form intense long-term relationships and commit to another person, cause, institution, or creative effort

29
Q

Erikson: What is the task of Generativity v. Stagnation?

A

achieve life goals and obtain concern and awareness of future generations

30
Q

Erikson: What is the task of Integrity v. Despair?

A

derive meaning from one’s whole life and obtain/maintain a sense of self-worth

31
Q

How does Erikson’s Theory relate to Nursing?

A
  • Developmental model is an important part of nursing assessment.
  • Helps determine what types of interventions are most likely to be effective
32
Q

What are the 6 levels of Maslow’s Theory?
(From bottom to the top)
1.

A
  1. Physiological
  2. Safety
  3. Love and Belonging
  4. Esteem
  5. Self-Actualization
  6. Self-Transcendent
33
Q

Maslow’s Theory: Explain Physiological needs.

A
  • Food
  • Water
  • Oxygen
  • Elimination
  • Rest
  • Sex
34
Q

Maslow’s Theory: Explain Safety needs.

A
  • Security
  • Protection
  • Stability
  • Structure
  • Order
  • Limits
35
Q

Maslow’s Theory: Explain Love and Belonging needs.

A
  • Affiliation
  • Affectionate relationships
  • Love
36
Q

Maslow’s Theory: Explain Esteem needs.

A
  • Self-esteem related competency
  • Achievement
  • Esteem from others
37
Q

Maslow’s Theory: Explain Self-Actualization needs.

A

Becoming everything one is capable of

38
Q

Maslow’s Theory: Explain Self-Transcendent needs.

A

Sense of identity that transcends or extends beyond the personal self.

39
Q

How does Maslow’s Theory apply to Nursing?

A
  • Emphasizes human potential and the patient’s strengths.
  • Prioritizes nursing actions in the nurse-partner relationship.
40
Q

Who is known as the “Mother” of Psychiatric Nursing?

A

Hildegard Paplau

41
Q

What are the foundational characteristics of Peplau’s theory?

A
  • Participant observer
  • Mutuality
  • Respect for the patient
  • Unconditional acceptance
  • Empathy
42
Q

What are the two Cognitive Theories?

A
  • Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (Ellis)
  • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (Beck)
43
Q

What are the characteristics of Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy?

A
  • Aims to eradicate irrational beliefs.
  • Recognizes thoughts that are not accurate.
44
Q

What are the characteristics of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy?

A
  • Tests distorted beliefs, and changes way of thinking.
  • Reduces symptoms.
45
Q

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy is based on both cognitive and behavioral theory and seeks to modify _____ thoughts that lead to _____ emotions and actions.

A
  • Negative
  • Dysfunctional
46
Q

One concept of CBT is that we all have _____, or unique assumptions about ourselves, others, and the world around us.

A

Schemata

47
Q

If someone has a schema that no one can be trusted, this person will question everyone’s _____ and expect _____ and eventual _____ in relationships.

A
  • Motives
  • Deception
  • Pain
48
Q

Rapid, unthinking responses based on these schemata are known as _____ _____. These responses are particularly intense and frequent in psychiatric disorders such as _____ and_____.

A
  • automatic thoughts
  • depression
  • anxiety
49
Q

The goal of CBT is to…

A

identify the negative patterns of thought that lead to negative emotions

50
Q

In CBT, once the maladaptive patterns are identified, they can be replaced with

A

rational thoughts.

51
Q

What is Milieu therapy?

A
  • Uses the total environment.
  • People, setting, structure, and emotional climate are all important to healing.
52
Q

The goal of the recovery model is…

A

to empower those with mental illness to find meaning and satisfaction in their lives, realize potential and function at their optimal level of independence.

NUR 211_PSY Exam 1 (8 decks)

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