Ch 3: Theories and Therapy Flashcards
Psychological Theories and Models provide structures for…
- Considering developmental processes.
- Possible explanations about how we think, feel, and behave
- A pathway to Therapy
The 3 components of Freud’s Personality Structure are…
- ID
- Ego
- Superego
Briefly define each of the follow levels of awareness:
• Conscious
• Preconscious
• Subconscious
- Conscious: what we are aware of
- Preconscious: awareness just below the surface of consciousness that accessible with effort
- Subconscious: not aware of
The Id is
- Conscious
- Preconscious
- Subconscious
Answer: 3
The Ego is
- Conscious
- Preconscious
- Subconscious
Answer: 1
The Superego is
- Conscious
- Preconscious
- Subconscious
Answer: 2
What are some characteristics of Id?
- Pleasure principle
- Reflex action
- Primary process
What are some characteristics of Ego?
- Problem solver
- Reality tester
What are some characteristics of Superego?
- Moral component
- Super-ego tends to be judgmental and controlling
What do Defense Mechanisms do?
Deny, falsify, or distort reality to make it less threatening.
True or False
Defense Mechanisms operate on a conscious level
False
Defense Mechanisms develop _____.
Anxiety
Experiences during the early stages of life determine an individual’s lifetime _____ patterns and _____ traits.
- Adjustment
- Personality
What are 5 main components of Freudian Theory that assist in Nursing?
- Formation of personality
- Conscious and unconscious influences
- Importance of individual talk sessions
- Attentive listening
- Transference/Counter transference.
Define Transference
The process whereby a person unconsciously and inappropriately displaces (transfers) onto individuals in their current life those patterns of behavior and emotional reactions that originated in relation to significant figures of their past.
Common forms of transference include the desire for _____ or _____ and the gratification of _____ needs.
- Affection
- Respect
- Dependency
Define Countertransference
To displace onto the patient feelings related to people in one’s past.
When we fail to recognize our countertransferences toward our patients, the therapeutic relationship stalls, and essentially we disempower our patients by experiencing them not as _____ but rather as _____ _____.
- Individuals
- Inner projections
True or False
Erikson’s stages of development outline how personality continues to develop through old age
True
True or False
Erikson’s stages of development state that failures at one stage cannot be rectified in another stage.
False
Erikson: Name each of the eight stages, with ages.
- Infant: birth-18mos
- Toddler: 18mos-3yrs
- Preschooler: 3-6yrs
- School-Age Child: 6-12yrs
- Adolescent: 12-20yrs
- Young Adult: 20-30yrs
- Middle-Age Adult: 30-60yrs
- Older Adult: 65-death
Erikson: Name each of the eight stages, in order.
- Trust v. Mistrust
- Autonomy v. Shame
- Initiative v. Guilt
- Industry v. Inferiority
- Identity v. Role Confusion
- Intimacy v. Isolation
- Generativity v. Stagnation
- Integrity v. Despair
Erikson: What is the task of Trust v. Mistrust?
develop a basic sense of trust that leads to hope
Erikson: What is the task of Autonomy v. Shame?
gain self-control of and independence within the environment
Erikson: What is the task of Initiative v. Guilt?
achieve a sense of purpose and develop a sense of mastery over tasks
Erikson: What is the task of Industry v. Inferiority?
gain a sense of self-confidence and recognition through learning, competing, and performing successfully
Erikson: What is the task of Identity v. Role Confusion?
integrate all the tasks previously mastered into a secure sense of self
Erikson: What is the task of Intimacy v. Isolation?
form intense long-term relationships and commit to another person, cause, institution, or creative effort
Erikson: What is the task of Generativity v. Stagnation?
achieve life goals and obtain concern and awareness of future generations
Erikson: What is the task of Integrity v. Despair?
derive meaning from one’s whole life and obtain/maintain a sense of self-worth
How does Erikson’s Theory relate to Nursing?
- Developmental model is an important part of nursing assessment.
- Helps determine what types of interventions are most likely to be effective
What are the 6 levels of Maslow’s Theory?
(From bottom to the top)
1.
- Physiological
- Safety
- Love and Belonging
- Esteem
- Self-Actualization
- Self-Transcendent
Maslow’s Theory: Explain Physiological needs.
- Food
- Water
- Oxygen
- Elimination
- Rest
- Sex
Maslow’s Theory: Explain Safety needs.
- Security
- Protection
- Stability
- Structure
- Order
- Limits
Maslow’s Theory: Explain Love and Belonging needs.
- Affiliation
- Affectionate relationships
- Love
Maslow’s Theory: Explain Esteem needs.
- Self-esteem related competency
- Achievement
- Esteem from others
Maslow’s Theory: Explain Self-Actualization needs.
Becoming everything one is capable of
Maslow’s Theory: Explain Self-Transcendent needs.
Sense of identity that transcends or extends beyond the personal self.
How does Maslow’s Theory apply to Nursing?
- Emphasizes human potential and the patient’s strengths.
- Prioritizes nursing actions in the nurse-partner relationship.
Who is known as the “Mother” of Psychiatric Nursing?
Hildegard Paplau
What are the foundational characteristics of Peplau’s theory?
- Participant observer
- Mutuality
- Respect for the patient
- Unconditional acceptance
- Empathy
What are the two Cognitive Theories?
- Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (Ellis)
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (Beck)
What are the characteristics of Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy?
- Aims to eradicate irrational beliefs.
- Recognizes thoughts that are not accurate.
What are the characteristics of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy?
- Tests distorted beliefs, and changes way of thinking.
- Reduces symptoms.
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy is based on both cognitive and behavioral theory and seeks to modify _____ thoughts that lead to _____ emotions and actions.
- Negative
- Dysfunctional
One concept of CBT is that we all have _____, or unique assumptions about ourselves, others, and the world around us.
Schemata
If someone has a schema that no one can be trusted, this person will question everyone’s _____ and expect _____ and eventual _____ in relationships.
- Motives
- Deception
- Pain
Rapid, unthinking responses based on these schemata are known as _____ _____. These responses are particularly intense and frequent in psychiatric disorders such as _____ and_____.
- automatic thoughts
- depression
- anxiety
The goal of CBT is to…
identify the negative patterns of thought that lead to negative emotions
In CBT, once the maladaptive patterns are identified, they can be replaced with
rational thoughts.
What is Milieu therapy?
- Uses the total environment.
- People, setting, structure, and emotional climate are all important to healing.
The goal of the recovery model is…
to empower those with mental illness to find meaning and satisfaction in their lives, realize potential and function at their optimal level of independence.
