Ch 3 - Second & Written Language Acquisition Flashcards
What are the 5 hypotheses in Krashen’s Theory of Second Language Acquisition?
1) The Learning/Acquisition Hypothesis
2) The Natural Order Hypothesis
3) The Monitor Hypothesis
4) The **Input **Hypothesis
5) The Affective Filter Hypothesis
People ACQUIRE a second language in a NATURAL ORDER when they receive COMPREHENSIBLE INPUT and have a low AFFECTIVE FILTER. People can use learned knowledge of a language to MONITOR that output.
What is Krashen’s Learning/Acquisition hypothesis?
At certain ages we ACQUIRE languages (subconscious; no effort), at certain ages we LEARN them (conscious; effortful); even when we’re older if we can be in an environment where it feels like we’re acquiring, that’s better.
What is Krashen’s Natural Order hypothesis?
Some aspects of language appear in the speech of language learners before others. (“ah”–> “ma” –> “r”)
There is also a natural order for L2 learners, and it depends on the language being learned. (“toys” –> “he plays”)
What is Krashen’s Monitor hypothesis?
We focus a certain amount of attention on our language, but especially when speaking foreign languages; we kind of apply an external monitor to ourselves.
Monitoring is focusing on HOW something is said, not WHAT.
There should be a balance.
Spoken language is harder to monitor than written.
This hypothesis helps explain the role of learning in acquisition process.
What is Krashen’s Input hypothesis?
The key to acquisition is COMPREHENSIBLE INPUT… messages students can understand. Messages that are* just* a little beyond what we can understand (i +1)
Use pictures, gestures, tone, realia, etc.
Pause often.
Avoid idioms.
Voluntary free reading is great for comprehensible input!
What is Krashen’s Affective Filter hypothesis?
How do affective (emotional) factors like nervousness, boredom, anxiety etc. influence language acquisition?
They can work kind of like a filter to block incoming messages.
