Ch. 3 Safety Quiz Flashcards
Quiz
Natural background radiation represents what percentage of humans’ annual radiation exposure?
50%
Cosmic radiation
Is a part of natural background exposure
X-rays and gamma rays used in diagnostic imaging are
Part of an artificial background radiation dose
A feature of fluoroscopic x-ray machines that automatically adjusts kVp and mA to maintain image brightness for necessary image quality is called
Automatic brightness control (ABC)
What term best describes the approximate skin dose where the x-ray beam is entering the patient?
Air kerma
Which of the following is also known as coherent scattering?
Classical scatter
Which of the following photon–tissue interactions do not occur in diagnostic radiography?
Pair Production
Which of the following produces scatter radiation that exits the patient and may fog the image?
Coherent scatter
Which of the following primarily involves loosely bound outer-shell electrons?
Compton interaction
Which of the following results in the production of a photoelectron that is ejected from the atom?
Photoelectric interaction
Which of the following interactions may result in occupational exposure for a radiographer?
Compton interaction
What agency publishes radiation protection standards based on scientific research?
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)
Effective dose limit is defined as the upper boundary dose that
Can be absorbed, either in a single exposure or annually, with a negligible risk of somatic or genetic damage to the individual
ALARA is an acronym for
A radiation protection concept that encourages radiation users to keep the dose to the patient as low as reasonably achievable
Which of the following means there is a safe level of radiation for certain effects and those effects are not directly proportional to the dose received when the safe level is exceeded?
Nonlinear-threshold effect
Effects of radiation that become more severe as dose increases are called
Deterministic effects
The process of cell division for germ cells is called
Meiosis
The law that states that cells are most sensitive to radiation when they are nonspecialized and rapidly dividing is the
Law of Bergonié and Tribondeau
What is the name for changes in genetic code passed on to the next generation?
Mutations
Cells are more radiosensitive when
Fully oxygenated
The most radiosensitive cells in the body are
Lymphocytes
Cells that are least sensitive to radiation exposure include
Nerve and muscle cells
Which of the following sets of exposure factors would result in the lowest dose to the patient?
Low mAs, high kVp
Which of the following is used as part of an effort to practice the ALARA concept?
Collimation
The cardinal rules of radiation protection include
Shielding, distance, time
Which of the following may be used for 3 months at a time?
TLD
Which of the following represents the practice of keeping radiation dose low?
ALARA
The timer used in fluoroscopy
Is used to alert the fluoroscopist after 5 minutes of fluoroscopy scanning have elapsed
The most effective protection against radiation exposure for the radiographer is
Distance
Which of the following is true concerning holding of patients for radiographic exams?
Should be done only when absolutely necessary, and then the holding should be done by a nonpregnant member of the patient’s family
