Ch 3: Physiology & Histology Of the Skin (50 Questions)

Question 1

What are the layers of the Integumentary System?

Answer 1

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinulosm
Stratum Germinativum

Question 2

Define Physiology

Answer 2

the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures including physical and chemical processes

Question 3

What is the largest organ of the body?

Answer 3

Integumentary (Skin) System

Question 4

What are the appendages of the skin?

Answer 4

Hair, nails, sweat and oil glands

Question 5

What does exfoliation do to lipids?

Answer 5

Exfoliation removes and depletes lipids (pg. 107)

Question 6

The Skin protects against (?) and (?).

Answer 6

Microorganisms and outside elements

Question 7

The acid mantle is part of the (?) function of the skin?

Answer 7

the skin’s natural barrier function

Question 8

What the average pH of the acid mantle?

Answer 8

5.5 pH

Question 9

TEWL stands for-

Answer 9

Transepidermal Water Loss, the water loss caused by evaporation on the skin’s surface

Question 10

The intercellular cement between epidermal cells is made up of?

Answer 10

Intercellular Matrix/Lipids

Question 11

What do T cells attack?

Answer 11

Virus-Infested cells, Foreign cells, and Cancer cells

Question 12

What part of the body has the abundance of nerves?

Answer 12

Sensory Nerves in the fingertips.

Question 13

The average body temperature is?

Answer 13

98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

Question 14

What gland excrete sebum (oil)?

Answer 14

Sebaceous glands

Question 15

Sudoriferous glands excrete?

Answer 15

Sweat

Question 16

What layer of the skin do estheticians work on?

Answer 16

Epidermis Only

Question 17

Keratinocytes make up (?)% of the epidermis.

Answer 17

95%

Question 18

Stratum Lucidum is known as?

Answer 18

“The Clear Cells”
Present only where the skin is thick, on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands

Question 19

Adult cell turn over rate takes?

Answer 19

28 days

Question 20

What is desquamation?

Answer 20

the process of keratinocytes continually shedding from the skin

Question 21

Squamous cells are known as?

Answer 21

the flat and scaly keratinocytes on the surface of the skin

Question 22

The Stratum Lucidum is located under?

Answer 22

Stratum Corneum

Question 23

What two parts of the body have the thickest skin?

Answer 23

Palms of the hand and Soles of the Feet

Question 24

Keratin and intercellular lipids are formed in the?

Answer 24

Stratum Granulosum

Question 25

Where are melanocytes found?

Answer 25

Stratum Germinativum

Question 26

Where does mitosis occur?

Answer 26

Stratum Germinativum

Question 27

Melanocytes produce?

Answer 27

Cells that produce pigment granules (melanosomes) in the basal layer

Question 28

The thickest layer of the skin is?

Answer 28

Stratum Spinosum

Question 29

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 29

Reticular and Papillary Layers

Question 30

What is another name for nail?

Answer 30

Onyx

Question 31

It takes (?) to (?) months for a nail to fully grow out?

Answer 31

4-6 months

Question 32

Stretch marks are caused by?

Answer 32

Damaged Elastin Fibers

Question 33

The primary cause of wrinkles is the loss of?

Answer 33

Elasticity in the skin

Question 34

Subcutis or adipose tissue is found below what layer in the dermis?

Answer 34

Reticular Layer of the Dermis

Question 35

List the 5 Layers of the Epidermis

Answer 35

Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Germinativum

Question 36

Folliculitis is?

Answer 36

Inflammation of The Hair Follicle

Question 37

Motor nerves are what stimulates the (?).

Answer 37

Arrector Pili muscles

Question 38

Genetic skin color is due to the amount of (?) activated in the skin?

Answer 38

Melanin

Question 39

Melanin production is suppressed by?

Answer 39

Products that interrupt biochemical processes that are referred to as brightening agents. Some are called **tyrosinase inhibitors**.

Question 40

Apocrine glands are most active during?

Answer 40

**Emotional Changes** or Times of anxiety, stress, fear, sexual arousal, and pain

Question 41

Cells need what to survive?

Answer 41

**Nourishment, protection, and the ability to function properly** (through respiration circulation, elimination of waste and continually replacement or proliferation)

Question 42

Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) help stimulate (?)

Answer 42

Skin cell turnover and reduce visible signs of aging

Question 43

What has the most aging effect on skin?

Answer 43

Sun Exposure and UV Rays

Question 44

UVB rays are known as…

Answer 44

Burning Rays

Question 45

(?) to (?)% of aging is caused by sun exposure.

Answer 45

80-85%

Question 46

As estrogen, deplete, skin can lose its?

Answer 46

Tone

Question 47

Secretory nerve fibers regulate?

Answer 47

Excretion from sweat, glands and controls, sebum output to the surface of the skin

Question 48

Nerves are made up of (?) that conduct information throughout the body?

Answer 48

Cordlike bundle, fibers made up of **neurons** through which sensory stimuli and motor impulses, pass between the brain or other parts of the central nervous system, in the eyes glands, muscles, and other parts of the body

Question 49

What sends messages to the central nervous system to react to heat and cold?

Answer 49

Sensory or afferent nerve fibers

Question 50

Apocrine gland openings connect to (?) instead of pore openings.

Answer 50

Oil Glands

Question 51

The (?) controls the excretion of sweat

Answer 51

Nervous System

Question 52

Sebaceous glands secrete (?) and sudoriferous glands secrete (?)

Answer 52

Oil and Sweat

Question 53

What may happen with excess fluid loss?

Answer 53

Excess fluid loss can result in the loss of electrolytes, which may lead to **dehydration** in the body.

Question 54

Nerves are cordlike bundles made up of

Answer 54

Neurons

Question 55

The largest sebaceous glands are on the

Answer 55

Face and scalp

Question 56

What are considered antioxidants

Answer 56

Proteins enzymes, vitamins, and metabolites

Question 57

A rise in blood sugar can cause

Answer 57

Glycation

Question 58

What can help balance estrogen levels

Answer 58

Hormone replacement therapy, HRT