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S1 - Facial Specialist > Ch 3: Physiology & Histology Of the Skin (50 Questions) > Flashcards

Ch 3: Physiology & Histology Of the Skin (50 Questions) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the Integumentary System?

A

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinulosm
Stratum Germinativum

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2
Q

Define Physiology

A

the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures including physical and chemical processes

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3
Q

What is the largest organ of the body?

A

Integumentary (Skin) System

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4
Q

What are the appendages of the skin?

A

Hair, nails, sweat and oil glands

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5
Q

What does exfoliation do to lipids?

A

Exfoliation removes and depletes lipids (pg. 107)

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6
Q

The Skin protects against (?) and (?).

A

Microorganisms and outside elements

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7
Q

The acid mantle is part of the (?) function of the skin?

A

the skin’s natural barrier function

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8
Q

What the average pH of the acid mantle?

A

5.5 pH

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9
Q

TEWL stands for-

A

Transepidermal Water Loss, the water loss caused by evaporation on the skin’s surface

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10
Q

The intercellular cement between epidermal cells is made up of?

A

Intercellular Matrix/Lipids

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11
Q

What do T cells attack?

A

Virus-Infested cells, Foreign cells, and Cancer cells

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12
Q

What part of the body has the abundance of nerves?

A

Sensory Nerves in the fingertips.

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13
Q

The average body temperature is?

A

98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

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14
Q

What gland excrete sebum (oil)?

A

Sebaceous glands

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15
Q

Sudoriferous glands excrete?

A

Sweat

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16
Q

What layer of the skin do estheticians work on?

A

Epidermis Only

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17
Q

Keratinocytes make up (?)% of the epidermis.

A

95%

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18
Q

Stratum Lucidum is known as?

A

“The Clear Cells”
Present only where the skin is thick, on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands

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19
Q

Adult cell turn over rate takes?

A

28 days

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20
Q

What is desquamation?

A

the process of keratinocytes continually shedding from the skin

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21
Q

Squamous cells are known as?

A

the flat and scaly keratinocytes on the surface of the skin

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22
Q

The Stratum Lucidum is located under?

A

Stratum Corneum

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23
Q

What two parts of the body have the thickest skin?

A

Palms of the hand and Soles of the Feet

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24
Q

Keratin and intercellular lipids are formed in the?

A

Stratum Granulosum

25
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

Stratum Germinativum

26
Q

Where does mitosis occur?

A

Stratum Germinativum

27
Q

Melanocytes produce?

A

Cells that produce pigment granules (melanosomes) in the basal layer

28
Q

The thickest layer of the skin is?

A

Stratum Spinosum

29
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A

Reticular and Papillary Layers

30
Q

What is another name for nail?

A

Onyx

31
Q

It takes (?) to (?) months for a nail to fully grow out?

A

4-6 months

32
Q

Stretch marks are caused by?

A

Damaged Elastin Fibers

33
Q

The primary cause of wrinkles is the loss of?

A

Elasticity in the skin

34
Q

Subcutis or adipose tissue is found below what layer in the dermis?

A

Reticular Layer of the Dermis

35
Q

List the 5 Layers of the Epidermis

A

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinativum

36
Q

Folliculitis is?

A

Inflammation of The Hair Follicle

37
Q

Motor nerves are what stimulates the (?).

A

Arrector Pili muscles

38
Q

Genetic skin color is due to the amount of (?) activated in the skin?

A

Melanin

39
Q

Melanin production is suppressed by?

A

Products that interrupt biochemical processes that are referred to as brightening agents. Some are called tyrosinase inhibitors.

40
Q

Apocrine glands are most active during?

A

Emotional Changes or Times of anxiety, stress, fear, sexual arousal, and pain

41
Q

Cells need what to survive?

A

Nourishment, protection, and the ability to function properly (through respiration circulation, elimination of waste and continually replacement or proliferation)

42
Q

Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) help stimulate (?)

A

Skin cell turnover and reduce visible signs of aging

43
Q

What has the most aging effect on skin?

A

Sun Exposure and UV Rays

44
Q

UVB rays are known as…

A

Burning Rays

45
Q

(?) to (?)% of aging is caused by sun exposure.

A

80-85%

46
Q

As estrogen, deplete, skin can lose its?

A

Tone

47
Q

Secretory nerve fibers regulate?

A

Excretion from sweat, glands and controls, sebum output to the surface of the skin

48
Q

Nerves are made up of (?) that conduct information throughout the body?

A

Cordlike bundle, fibers made up of neurons

through which sensory stimuli and motor impulses, pass between the brain or other parts of the central nervous system, in the eyes glands, muscles, and other parts of the body

49
Q

What sends messages to the central nervous system to react to heat and cold?

A

Sensory or afferent nerve fibers

50
Q

Apocrine gland openings connect to (?) instead of pore openings.

A

Oil Glands

51
Q

The (?) controls the excretion of sweat

A

Nervous System

52
Q

Sebaceous glands secrete (?) and sudoriferous glands secrete (?)

A

Oil and Sweat

53
Q

What may happen with excess fluid loss?

A

Excess fluid loss can result in the loss of electrolytes, which may lead to dehydration in the body.

54
Q

Nerves are cordlike bundles made up of

A

Neurons

55
Q

The largest sebaceous glands are on the

A

Face and scalp

56
Q

What are considered antioxidants

A

Proteins enzymes, vitamins, and metabolites

57
Q

A rise in blood sugar can cause

A

Glycation

58
Q

What can help balance estrogen levels

A

Hormone replacement therapy, HRT

S1 - Facial Specialist (6 decks)

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