Ch. 3 Phonology

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

Contrastive relationships within speech sounds that establish the fundamental components of languages

Question 2

Phonetic Inventory

Answer 2

List of sounds a child makes

Question 3

Phonotactic Constraints

Answer 3

Determine the syllable structure of a language

Question 4

Allophones

Answer 4

A speech sound that represents a single phoneme

Question 5

Phoneme

Answer 5

Distinct unit of sound within a certain language that tells the difference from one word to another

Question 6

Contrastive Distribution

Answer 6

Relationship between two separate elements in which both elements are found within the same environment with a change in meaning

Question 7

Phonological Rules

Answer 7

A formal way of expressing a type of systematic phonological sound change in language

Question 8

Obstruents

Answer 8

Fricative or plosive speech sound

Question 9

Sonorants

Answer 9

Sound produced with the vocal cords positioned so that casual voicing is possible

Question 10

Palatalization

Answer 10

The process of sound change in which a nonpalatal consonant changes to a palatal consonant

Question 11

Flapping

Answer 11

Phonological process found in many dialects of English, by which the consonant phoneme /t/ or /d/ placed between vowels is pronounced as a voiced flap under certain conditions

Question 12

Distribution

Answer 12

A relationship between two different elements of the same kind in which one element is found in one set of environments and the other element is found in a non-intersecting (complementary) set of environments

Question 13

Phonological Patterns

Answer 13

Processes of sound errors that children develop to simplify speech they are learning to talk

Question 14

Sound Change

Answer 14

A process of a change of language that may affect the pronunciation or sound system structures

Question 15

Basic Allophone

Answer 15

Allophone which appears wherever a restricted allophone of the same phoneme does not

Question 16

Restricted Allophone

Answer 16

Allophone that follows a specific rule

Question 17

Foreign Language

Answer 17

A language other than that spoken by the people of a specific place

Question 18

Minimal Pairs

Answer 18

Two different words that differ in one sound in the same position

Question 19

Contrastive

Answer 19

A practice-oriented linguistic approach that seeks to describe the differences and similarities between a pair of language

Question 20

Weakening

Answer 20

Type of sound change that alters consonants, making them more sonorous

Question 21

Phonemic Form

Answer 21

A certain level of mental representation of a linguistic expression, derived from surface structure, and related to Logical Form

Question 22

Definite Form

Answer 22

A suffix on the head of a noun

Question 23

Implicatonal Laws

Answer 23

Laws that pertain to the phonological processes

Question 24

Complementary Distribution

Answer 24

Sounds have complementary distribution if the meaning of a word would not change if a different sound was used in the place of another sound (there are no minimal pairs)

Question 25

Constrastive Distribution

Answer 25

Sounds have contrastive distribution if/when the meaning of a word changes when a different sound is used (there are minimal pairs)