Ch. 3 Notes (Minerals)

Question 1

Minerals

Answer 1

1. naturally occurring
2. inorganic
3. solid
4. ordered internal molecular structure
5. definable chemical composition

Question 2

Rock

Answer 2

a solid aggregate or mass of minerals

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

Basic building block of minerals

Question 4

Atoms

Answer 4

smallest particles of matter

Question 5

Atomic #

Answer 5

or protons in the nucleus

Question 6

Ionic bonds

Answer 6

attraction of positive and negative ions to form bond

Question 7

Covalent bonding

Answer 7

electrons shared by atoms to form a bond

Question 8

Metallic bonds

Answer 8

Extreme sharing of electrons to form a bond

Question 9

Name 10 mineral properties

Answer 9

Luster, transmit light, hardness, color, streak, shape/crystal habit, cleavage, fracture (opp. of cleavage), strength (hit with hammer), density

Question 10

What are four different types of crystal habits?

Answer 10

Fibrous, Bladed, Banded, Cubic crystals

Question 11

How do you use Mohs Scale for hardness?

Answer 11

Scratch with fingernail, penny, wire nail, glass or knife blade, streak plate

Question 12

What are the most abundant elements in the earth?

Answer 12

Oxygen- 46.6%

Silicon- 27.7%

Question 13

What are the five different tetrahedra structures?

Answer 13

1. Independent (olivine)
2. single chain (Augite)
3. double chain (Hornblend)
4. sheet structure (Biotite/muscovite)
5. 3d framework (K feldspar/ quartz)

Question 14

What are the two different types of Carbonates? (2)

Answer 14

Dolomite and calcite

Question 15

What are the different Halides? (3)

Answer 15

Halite, Fluorite, Sylvite

Question 16

What are the different type of oxides? (3)

Answer 16

Hematite, magnetite, corundum, ice

Question 17

What are the different sulfides? (5)

Answer 17

Galena, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, cinnabar

Question 18

What are the different types of sulfates? (3)

Answer 18

Gypsum, anhydrite, Barrite

Question 19

What are the different native elements? (7)

Answer 19

Gold, cooper, diamond, sulfur, graphite, silver, platinum