Ch 3: Memory: How Do We Remember What We Know?

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Not a single, simple function

Question 2

The parts of memory system

Answer 2

1. Sensory Information Storage (SIS)
2. Short-term memory (STM)
3. Long-term memory (LTM)

Question 3

Two other possible parts of memory system

Answer 3

1) Interpretive mechanism

2) Overall memory monitor or control mechanism

Question 4

Image/sensory event time of sensory information storage

Answer 4

several tenths of a second after receiving from senses

Question 5

Function of SIS

Answer 5

make it possible for the brain to process the sensory event after it has occurred

Question 6

Image/sensory event time in short term memory

Answer 6

a few seconds or minutes

Question 7

SIS vs STM in regards to image

Answer 7

SIS = holds complete image
STM = holds interpretation of image

Question 8

Primary STM characteristic

Answer 8

Severe limitation on capacity – only hold 4-7 items at one time

Question 9

Due to STM limited capacity, people have to make choices

Answer 9

Pay attention to remembering
Pay attention to taking notes
Pay attention to interpreting
Pay attention to information received moments ago

Question 10

Retrieval of information STM vs LTM

Answer 10

STM retreival = direct and immediate

LTM retrieval = indirect and effortful

Question 11

Number of neurons in brain

Answer 11

10 billion

Question 12

Octopus arms on neurons

Answer 12

axons and dendrites

Question 13

Storage of memories

Answer 13

Patterns of connections between neurons

Question 14

Image of memory

Answer 14

massive spider web

Question 15

Factors influencing retrievability

Answer 15

1) the number of locations in which information is stored
2) the number and strength of pathways from this information to other concepts that might be activated by incoming information

Question 16

concept of schema

Answer 16

useful concept in memory organization

Question 17

definition of schema

Answer 17

any pattern of relationships among data stored in memory

Question 18

key factor in transferring information from STM to LTM

Answer 18

Development of associations between the new information and schemata already available in memory

Question 19

Two variables influencing transfer of information from STM to LTM

Answer 19

Variable 1) the extent to which the information being learned relates to current schemata
Variable 2) the level of processing given to the new information

Question 20

Four examples of order of depth of mental processing from least to greatest

Answer 20

1) say how many letters there are in each word
2) give a word that rhymes with each word
3) make a mental image of each word
4) create a story using each word

Question 21

Three ways to commit information to memory

Answer 21

1) rote
2) assimilation
3) mnemonic device

Question 22

Memory processes with best

Answer 22

With generalized categories