Ch 3 Key Terms

Question 1

the practice of transforming information so that it is cleared and cannot be accessed by unauthorized parties

cryptography
steganography
algorithm
encryption

Answer 1

cryptography

Question 2

hides the existence of the data; the appearance of a harmless image can contain hidden data

algorithm
encryption
steganography
cryptography

Answer 2

steganography

Question 3

the process of changing the original text into a scrambled message

steganography
algorithm
encryption
cryptography

Answer 3

encryption

Question 4

compares two bits; if bits are different, a 1 is returned, but if they are the identical, 0 is returned

XOR cipher
random numbers
diffusion
confusion

Answer 4

XOR cipher

Question 5

numbers for which there is no identifiable pattern or sequence; no possible to predict a future number based on a previous number

random numbers
substitution cipher
security through obscurity
diffusion

Answer 5

random numbers

Question 6

an algorithm for creating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate those of a random number; attempts to create numbers that are as random as possible

obfuscation
pseudorandom number generator (PRNG)
security through obscurity
non-repudiation

Answer 6

pseudorandom number generator (PRNG)

Question 7

thwart statistical analysis to make a strong algorithm; if a single character of plaintext is changed then it should result in multiple characters of the ciphertext changing

diffusion
confusion
security through obscurity
obfuscation

Answer 7

diffusion

Question 8

the key does not relate in a simple way to the ciphertext; each character of the ciphertext should depend upon several different parts of the key; forces the hacker to create the entire key simultaneously, a difficult task, rather than trying to recreate the key piece by piece.

diffusion
data-in-transit
security through obscurity
confusion

Answer 8

confusion

Question 9

the process of proving that a user performed an action such as sending an email message

obfuscation
security through obscurity
high resiliency
non-repudiation

Answer 9

non-repudiation

Question 10

making something obscure or unclear; cryptography can help ensure obfuscation by hiding the details so that the original code cannot be determined

obfuscation
hash
data-at-rest
security through obscurity

Answer 10

obfuscation

Question 11

virtually any system can be made secure so long as outsiders are unaware of it or how it functions

high resiliency
security through obscurity
obfuscation
non-repudiation

Answer 11

security through obscurity

Question 12

data that is stored on electronic media

data-in-transit
data-at-rest
data-in-use
checksum

Answer 12

data-at-rest

Question 13

small amount of time that occurs between when something is input into a cryptographic algorithm and the time the output is obtained

checksum
high resiliency
low latency
low-power devices

Answer 13

low latency

Question 14

takes one character and replaces it with one character

hash
hash algorithms
stream cipher
block cipher

Answer 14

stream cipher

Question 15

manipulates an entire block of plaintext at one time

block cipher
checksum
stream cipher
hash

Answer 15

block cipher

Question 16

hash algorithms

MD5, 3DES, RIPEMD
MD5, SHA, RIPEMD
MDA, SHA, RIPEMD
MD5, SHA, RSA

Answer 16

MD5, SHA, RIPEMD

Question 17

symmetric algorithms

AES, MD5, RC4
AES, RSA, RC4
DSA, Blowfish, RC4
AES, Blowfish, RC4

Answer 17

AES, Blowfish, RC4

Question 18

Asymmetric algorithms

DSA, RC4, ECC
DSA, RSA, AES
DSA, RSA, ECC
DSA, RSA, SHA

Answer 18

DSA, RSA, ECC

Question 19

use the same single key to encrypt and decrypt a document; designed to encrypt and decrypt the ciphertext

digital signature
Symmetric cryptographic algorithms
ECC
Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithms

Answer 19

Symmetric cryptographic algorithms

Question 20

public key cryptography; uses two keys (public & private) instead only one that are mathematically related

digital signature
Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithms
Symmetric cryptographic algorithms
DHE

Answer 20

Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithms

Question 21

an alternative for prime-number-based asymmetric cryptography for mobile and wireless devices; offers security with smaller key sizes compared to other asymmetric cryptography

hash
Key exchange
ECC
digital signature

Answer 21

ECC

Question 22

an electronic verification of the sender

digital signature
Key exchange
Diffie-Hellman (DH)
Asymmetric Cryptographic Algorithms

Answer 22

digital signature

Question 23

resolves the problem of sending and receiving keys; any method in cryptography by which cryptographic keys are exchanged between two parties, allowing use of a cryptographic algorithm.

Key exchange
diffusion
digital signature
Diffie-Hellman (DH)

Answer 23

Key exchange

Question 24

a large prime number and related integer; creating the same key

Diffie-Hellman (DH)
digital signature
AES
ECC

Answer 24

Diffie-Hellman (DH)

Question 25

the process of proving that a user performed an action such as sending an email message

non-repudiation
digest
data-in-transit
hash

Answer 25

non-repudiation

Question 26

uses elliptic curve cryptography instead of prime numbers in its computation

Diffie-Hellman (DH)
Perfect forward secrecy
Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH)
Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral (DHE)

Answer 26

Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH)

Question 27

public key systems that generate random public keys that are different for each session; if the secret key is compromised, it cannot reveal the contents of more than one message

Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral (DHE)
Diffie-Hellman (DH)
Perfect forward secrecy
Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH)

Answer 27

Perfect forward secrecy

Question 28

statistical tools that can be used to attempt to discover a pattern in the ciphertexts, which then may be useful in revealing the plaintext text or key

known ciphertext attack
downgrade attack
deprecated algorithms
misconfiguration implementation

Answer 28

known ciphertext attack

Question 29

a hacker forces the system to abandon the current higher security mode of operation and instead fall back to implementing an older and less secure mode

deprecated algorithms
downgrade attack
collision
misconfiguration implementation

Answer 29

downgrade attack

Question 30

using cryptographic algorithm that should not be used because of known vulnerabilities

misconfiguration implementation
deprecated algorithms
collision attack
downgrade attack

Answer 30

deprecated algorithms

Question 31

asymmetric cryptography software for encrypting files and email messages; uses both asymmetric and symmetric cryptography

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
self-encrypting drives (SEDs)
Perfect forward secrecy
misconfiguration implementation

Answer 31

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)

Question 32

protects all data on a hard drive; applying cryptography to an entire disk

Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
self-encrypting drives (SEDs)
full disk encryption (FDE)
Hardware Security Module (HSM)

Answer 32

full disk encryption (FDE)

Question 33

a chip on the motherboard of the computer that provides cryptographic services

Hardware Security Module (HSM)
Platform Trusted Module (PTM)
Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
self-encrypting drives (SEDs)

Answer 33

Trusted Platform Module (TPM)