CH 3 HW REVIEW

Question 1

Which organelle functions in the intracellular removal of damaged organelles or​ pathogens?

Answer 1

lysosome

Question 2

Which is the correct sequence of events when the RER delivers transport vesicles to the Golgi​ apparatus? 1 dash– Small vesicles move material from one cisterna to the next. 2 dash– Enzymatic modification occurs. 3 dash– Arrival at the trans face. 4 dash– Arrival at a cisterna known as the cis face.

Answer 2

​4, 2,​ 1, 3

Question 3

Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur within the​ mitochondrion?

Answer 3

matrix

Question 4

Nuclear pores are not​/do not​:

Answer 4

allow proteins and DNA to freely cross the nuclear envelope.

Question 5

Which of the following events occurs during​ transcription?

Answer 5

A molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about​ mRNA?

Answer 6

mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing.

Question 7

The site of translation is

Answer 7

ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm.

Question 8

Which one of the following does not play a role in​ translation?

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

Which of the following does not occur during RNA​ processing?

Answer 9

mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome.

Question 10

How does a single gene produce mRNA that codes for several different​ proteins?

Answer 10

by removing different introns

Question 11

A primary active transport process is one in which​ __________.

Answer 11

molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP

Question 12

Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma​ membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as​ _____.

Answer 12

facilitated diffusion

Question 13

The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to​ ____.

Answer 13

facilitated diffusion

Question 14

The​ sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes​ _____.

Answer 14

primary active transport

Question 15

A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes​ _____.

Answer 15

exocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following is not required for osmosis to​ occur?

Answer 16

cellular energy

Question 17

Which of the following solutions contains the most​ solute?

Answer 17

hypertonic

Question 18

In​ general, to maintain homeostasis the relationship between our intracellular and extracellular fluids should be which of the​ following?

Answer 18

isotonic to each other

Question 19

If a person is severely​ dehydrated, their extracellular fluids will become hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. What do you predict will happen to the​ person’s cells?

Answer 19

The cells will lose water and shrink.

Question 20

In the process called facilitated​ diffusion, what limits the rate of transport into the cell at any given​ moment?

Answer 20

the number of suitable carrier proteins

Question 21

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA​ duplication, or​ replication, take​ place?

Answer 21

Interphase

Question 22

When a double helix of DNA is​ replicated, two complete helices are formed.​ Together, these helices are called sister​ __________.

Answer 22

chromatids

Question 23

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the​ cell?

Answer 23

Metaphase

Question 24

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move​ apart?

Answer 24

Anaphase

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli​ reappear?

Answer 25

Telophase

Question 26

What is the name of the process by which the cytoplasm divides in​ two?

Answer 26

Cytokinesis

Question 27

Duplication of organelles and protein synthesis occur during which phase of​ interphase?

Answer 27

G1

Question 28

What is the one great advantage of​ carrier-mediated active​ transport?

Answer 28

It is not dependent on a concentration gradient.

Question 29

In order to transmit​ messages, neurons require a difference in ion concentration between their cytoplasm and the extracellular​ fluid: Na Superscript ​+ more concentrated outside the​ cell, and K Superscript ​+ more concentrated inside. A single carrier protein uses ATP to maintain this gradient. The process would be classified​ as:

Answer 29

Active​ transport, countertransport

Question 30

Insulin lowers blood glucose by increasing the rate at which glucose moves from a higher concentration in plasma to a lower concentration inside cells. Which of these is the most likely mechanism for this​ action?

Answer 30

Increase the number of carrier proteins for facilitated diffusion

Question 31

How are carrier proteins different from membrane​ channels?

Answer 31

Channels only move substances with their​ gradient, while carrier proteins can move a substance with or against its gradient.

Question 32

Which of the following enzymes will promote the formation of hydrogen bonds between the DNA template and the complementary RNA nucleotides during the process of​ transcription?

Answer 32

RNA polymerase

Question 33

Which of the following correctly lists the steps of translation in​ order?

Answer 33

initiation​ - elongation​ - termination